In article <
[email protected]>,
[email protected] wrote:
>
>The nation is so polarized and rude because waaaaay too many people on
>the right and on the left believe all the nonsense their respective
>talking heads feed them (that should be obvious reading these
>threads).
>
I'm becoming more convinced that those talking heads are just instruments
of a larger propaganda campaign.
Our local (Albuquerque) alternative newspaper recently published an
interview with a fairly well-known expert, Nancy Snow, an assistant
professor at California State Fullerton, on just that subject.
In a followup summary Ms Snow listed a number of things about propaganda
in our current society that really gave me room for pause. After having
read this summary, which I'm including in full below, I now get the
creeps when I watch, or read, almost any news from most US-based outlets.
We are in the process of being assimilated, and we are buying in with
both fists...
john
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From The Alibi (Albuquerque, NM),
www.alibi.com,
V.14 No.26 | June 30 - July 6, 2005
10 Things Everyone Should Know About Propaganda
By Compiled by Nancy Snow
1. Truth is not the absence of propaganda; propaganda thrives in
presenting different kinds of truth, including half-truths, incomplete
truths, limited truths, out of context truths. Modern propaganda is
most effective when it presents information as accurately as possible.
The Big Lie or Tall Tale is the most ineffective propaganda.
2. Propaganda is not so much designed to change opinions so much as
reinforce existing opinions, prejudices, attitudes. The most
successful propaganda will lead people to action or inaction through
reinforcement of what people already believe to be true.
3. Education is not necessarily the best protection against
propaganda. Intellectuals and "the educated" are the most vulnerable
to propaganda campaigns because they (a) tend to absorb the most
information (including secondhand information, hearsay, rumors, and
unverifiable information); (b) are compelled to have an opinion on
matters of the day and thus expose themselves more to others' opinions
and propaganda campaigns; and (c) consider themselves above the
influence of propaganda, thereby making themselves more susceptible to
propaganda.
4. What makes the study of propaganda so problematic is that it is
generally regarded as the study of the darker side of our nature; the
study of their evil versus our good. Those whom we consider evil
thrive in propaganda, while we spread only the truth. The best way to
study propaganda is to separate one's ethical judgments from the
phenomenon itself. Propaganda thrives and exists, for ethical and
unethical purposes.
5. Propaganda seeks to modify public opinion, particularly to make
people conform to the point of view of the propagandist. In this
respect, any propaganda is a form of manipulation, to adapt an
individual to a particular activity.
6. Modern forms of communication, including mass media, are
instruments of propaganda. Without the monopoly concentration of mass
media, there can be no modern propaganda. For propaganda to thrive,
the media must remain concentrated, news agencies and services must be
limited, the press must be under central command, and radio, film, and
television monopolies must pervade.
7. One must become aware of propaganda, its limitations, its
strengths, its influence, and its persuasive qualities, if one is to
master it. To say that one is free of the influence of propaganda is a
sure sign of its pervasive existence in society.
8. Modern propaganda began in the United States in the early 20^th
Century. During World War I, the mass media were integrated with
public relations and advertising methods to advocate and maintain
support for war. The Creel Committee established the first American
publicity campaign to spread and disseminate the gospel of the
American way to all corners of the globe.
9. In the United States, private commercial propaganda is as important
to notions of democracy as governmental propaganda. Commercial appeals
to the people through advertising, which plays on irrational fantasies
and impulses, are some of the most pervasive forms of propaganda in
existence today.
10. Propaganda in a democracy establishes truth in the sense that it
creates "true believers" who are as ideologically committed to the
democratic progress as others are ideologically committed to its
control. The perpetuation of democratic ideals and beliefs in the face
of concentrated power in propaganda institutions (media, political
institutions) is a triumph of propaganda in modern American society.
_________________________________________________________________
Source: Propaganda by Jacques Ellul (Vintage, paper, $12)