Sillyoldtwit said:Here we are with an up-date on the original post. ...Hope the following help some to gain a better understanding of what the regulars are talking about in their posts.
Cheers! Tyson...
AC……………………ANAEROBIC CAPACITY (see AWC)
Is an athlete’s ability to cycle/run etc. fast over and above VO2max (see VO2 Max below) Athletes are only able to sustain this effort for a short time measured in minutes.
AEPF………………..AVERAGE EFFECTIVE PEDAL FORCE (pedal force averaged over complete cycle, typically works out to approximately half of peak pedal force during downstroke)
I think to understand this we have to consider what ‘Power’ is. If we take a look at the formula Power = Pedal Force x Cadence (more precisely angular velocity)
What this formula tells us, is that a cyclist is able to increase power by exerting more force on the pedals given the same cadence by using a bigger gear or increasing cadence whilst applying the same pedal force. Of course power can be increased by applying more force to the pedals and at the same time increasing the cadence.
The AEPF can be formulated from the above.
AP……………………AVERAGE POWER
Power averaged across duration of interest.
ATL………………….ACUTE TRAINING LOAD
(See TSS below) Put simply, it is a measure of the level of recent daily training load (i.e. proxy for fatigue) experienced by the rider effectively measured over the previous 21 to 30 days and carries units of TSS per day. It is calculated as an exponential average of TSS values from the workouts with exponential time constants typically between 7 and 10 days. What is the Performance Management Chart
(Also see CTL below)
AWC…………………ANAEROBIC WORK CAPACITY
The energy in joules available for purely anaerobic efforts. http://www.velo-fit.com/articles/critical-power.pdf
C……………………..CADENCE
Bicycle crank speed in revolutions per minute
C……………………..CALORIES
Dietary Calories or amount of energy required to raise one liter of water by one degree Celcius, equal to 1000 'physics or engineering calories'
Cd……………………COEFFICIENT OF DRAG
A factor which represents the drag acting on a body or more precisely, the ratio of the drag on a body moving through air to the product of the velocity and the surface area of the body. Most useful to cyclists when expressed as CdA or overall effective 'drag area'. For a given sustained power output a rider will travel faster on the flat as they lower their CdA and is important of solo riders in time trials or solo breaks. Rider's reduce 'A' by using drops or aero bars and reducing frontal area but reduce overall CdA by using aero wheels, helmets, skinsuits, booties and other equipment designed to influence fluid flow and reduce drag.
CL……………………CRANK LENGTH
Length of bicycle crank arm, typically measured in millimeters
CTL………………….CHRONIC TRAINING LOAD
A measure of overall long term average training volume measured in units of TSS per day. CTL effectively represents the daily average training load over the previous three to four months and is calculated with via an exponential average with the default time constant of 42 days. Given the length of the averaging period, CTL effectively represents the load an athlete has successfully adapted to. What is the Performance Management Chart (see also ATL above)
CP……………………CRITICAL POWER
The sustainable metabolic a rider is capable of sustaining based on the Monod-Scherrer two part model of energy production. CP is typically given in units of watts per kilogram and effectively represents FTP. The Monod-Scherrer definition of CP has been in use for nearly fifty years by exercise physiologists but recent use of CPx or sustainable power for various durations has muddied the waters and led to confusion over the use of this established term.
http://www.velo-fit.com/articles/critical-power.pdf
CPV………………….CIRCUMFERENTIAL PEDAL VELOCITY
Put simply - the velocity at which the pedal travels around in a circle
CRITS……………….CRITERIUM (RACES)
Racing for the totally insane on short closed courses, typically high speed with several sharp corners per lap. Criteriums often feature midway sprints for prizes and typically end in a high speed pack sprint.
FT…………………….FUNCTIONAL THRESHOLD
A generalized term describing the long term intensity an athlete can sustain for roughly an hour. The term 'Functional' is used explicitly to separate the net effective intensity the athlete can sustain from underlying physiological processes and markers including blood lactate levels, heart rate, etc.
FTP…………………..FUNCTIONAL THRESHOLD POWER
FTP represents a rider's best sustainable power for durations of roughly an hour under ideal conditions which include sufficient rest and motivation. For time trialists FTP can be viewed as best sustainable 40K TT power for a best effort and well paced time trial. FTP does not represent 'on demand' one hour power reliably obtained during run of the mill training on days with partial recovery, insufficient motivation, difficult weather, poor pacing, etc. Many riders estimate their FTP using a shorter duration (possibly in some cases to avoid having to grind away for one hour on a trainer). Threshold power: what is it, why is it important, and how do I measure it?
Alex's Cycle Blog: The seven deadly sins
HIT (HIIT)…………………..HIGH INTENSITY (INTERVAL) TRAINING
A training philosophy based on short duration but intense intervals as a means of establishing both high end and base training. It's probably worth mentioning the Tabata method at this juncture:
Dr. Tabata introduced regimen based on a 1996 study uses 20 seconds of ultra-intense exercise (at 170% of VO2Max) followed by 10 seconds of rest, continuing for 3/4 minutes for an entire workout including warmup and cooldown of less than fifteen minutes. This method has surprisingly been shown to increase both anaerobic and aerobic fitness, FTP and sustainable power.
HR……………………HEART RATE
Heart beats per minute
HRM…………………HEART RATE METER/MONITOR
Self explanatory
HRMax………………HEART RATE MAXIMUM
The maximum number of contractions per minute that your heart sustain which typically occurs at VO2 Max intensity.
IF…………………….INTENSITY FACTOR
The intensity of the workout. That is, the normalized power for a ride with respect to the functional threshold of the rider = NP/FT. (See NP below and FT above)
J………………………JOULES
The energy exerted by the force of one Newton acting to move an object through a distance of one metre or sustaining one watt for one second.
KJ…………………….KILOJOULES
One thousand Joules. In power terms energy in kJ can be determined by:
kJ = AP*hours*3.6
For example an hour of riding at an average power of 200 watts requires 720 kJ of energy.
One dietary Calorie = 4.184 kJ but as the human body is far from 100% efficient (typical values of Gross Metabolic Efficiency range from 19% to 27% ) the actual relationship between kJ burned as shown on a power meter display for all practical purposes is 1:1. IOW, for weight management purposes the energy in kJ displayed on a power meter at the end of a ride is a very good estimate of dietary Calories burned during that ride.
KK……………………KURK KINETIC TRAINER
Stationary Indoor Bike Trainer - Kinetic by Kurt
L1,L2 ETC.………….SPECIFIED LEVEL OF INTENSITY
Power Training Levels, by Andrew Coggan
(See IF above and Z1/Z2 etc. below)
LBS…………………..LOCAL BIKE SHOP
Too complex to explain.
LSD…………………..LONG SLOW(STEADY) DISTANCE
Endurance training philosophy emphasizing workout duration at moderate to lower intensities.
LT…………………….LACTATE THRESHOLD
Is the exercise intensity at which blood lactate starts to accumulate faster than it can be cleared. Several 'Thresholds' are defined including: LT1 or initial rise above baseline blood lactate values, LT2 representing an inflection point where blood lactate begins to accumulate at faster rates, etc. This term is used in multiple ways leading to confusion and debate and one reason why 'functional' measures such as FTP which remove any explicit relationship to underlying processes are gaining favor.
LTHR…………………LACTATE THRESHOLD HEART RATE
Estimated heart rate at your lactate threshold
MAOD………………..MAXIMAL ACCUMULATED OXYGEN DEFICIT
The summed difference between the energy you produce aerobically and the overall energy demand. (Thanks to Alex for that definition lifted from his blog.). MAOD represents a conceptual value that accounts for energy (power) produced via anaerobic processes in terms of how much additional oxygen it would require above and beyond an athlete's limiting VO2 Max.
MAP………………….MAXIMAL AEROBIC POWER
The greatest rate at which oxygen can be delivered to working muscles during a ramped exercise test. Actual values of MAP in watts are protocol dependent so consistency in testing method is advised for athletes utilizing MAP testing. Understanding Power
MLSS………………...MAXIMAL/MAXIMUM LACTATE STEADY STATE
This is defined as the highest workload that can be maintained over time where there is a balance between lactate production and lactate clearance. (similar to OBLA)
MMP…………………MEAN MAXIMAL POWER
Maximum average power for a given duration. In other words best average power efforts for durations of interest. Often tracked discretely for instance as best 5 minute power during a certain period of training and racing or continuously on a rider's MMP curve which shows best actual sustained power efforts for a continuous range of durations from 1 second to the duration of the longest ride contained in the set of power data analyzed.
N……………………..NEWTONS
This is defined as the amount of force required to accelerate a mass of one kilogram at a rate of one metre per second squared
NMP…………………NEUROMUSCULAR POWER
Power generated by short duration primarily anaerobic processes and relying heavily on pure muscular peak strength and or rapid muscle recruitment. Typical but differing examples include peak power during race sprints(emphasis Muscular) or frequent high power bursts well above sustainable levels during criteriums or microinterval training (emphasis Neuro).
NP……………………NORMALIZED POWER
Effective metabolic load of non-steady riding power over a given duration that gives more weight to higher powered efforts. As an estimate of effective 'metabolic' loading NP is most useful for long efforts that are primarily metabolic and should not be applied to efforts much shorter than 20 minutes nor used as a proxy for specific training intensity for short (e.g. 5 minute) efforts. Use AP to guide training intensity for most L4/L5/L6/L7 training but use NP to estimate overall training load from complete workout to estimate recovery needs. In the case of longer variable power efforts such as hour long criterium races NP can be used to estimate effective iso-power intensity of overall effort. Long efforts are typically bounded by both AP and NP such that long efforts (e.g. 45 minutes to an hour) with NP much greater than current FTP estimate is a good indicator that FTP may have risen and a good reason to retest FTP.
OBLA………………..ONSET OF BLOOD LACTATE ACCUMULATION
Similar to MLSS(but tested differently), the physiological point where blood lactate accumulates faster than it can be utilized as a fuel.( see MLSS).
PDC………………….POWER DISTRIBUTION CHART
A histogram representing time spent in user defined power bins for power data collected during a ride or multiple rides. Graphically displays the overall time spent at different power levels.
PDF………………… POWER DURATION PROFILE
One of several methods for estimating a particular athlete's strengths and weaknesses in terms of predominate power generation processes. Typical discrete profiling durations range from 5 seconds to a full hour and characterize a rider's strength and weaknesses from pure Neuromuscular efforts through sustainable metabolic efforts. This information can be displayed in tabular form with test data for discrete durations or in graphical form as a Mean Maximal Power Curve showing best efforts across a continuous range of durations. Power Profiling
PMC.......................PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT CHART
A load management tool for cyclists which facilitates intelligent tracking of short and long term training loads and helps guide training, recovery and pre-event peaking. The PMC consists of a graph charting the relationship between one’s CTL (critical training load), ATL (acute training load) and TSB (training stress balance). What is the Performance Management Chart
PMs………………….POWER METERS
Quarq, Cycleops-Powertap, SRM, iBike, Polar, etc.
PP……………………POWER PROFILE/POWER PROFILING
Power Profiling
PT……………………POWERTAP
A bicycle power measurement system based on electromechanical strain gauges mounted in the bicycle's rear hub.
pVO2MAX………….POWER AT VO2MAX
The power a rider can sustain while exchanging maximal oxygen. P_VO2 Max is measured in watts and not to be confused with VO2 Max which is measured in Liters/min or weight scaled as ml/kg/min. While a fixed amount of power can be generated at maximal O2 uptake and utilization rates a variety of powers can induce a VO2 Max exchange rate depending on the duration over which they're sustained which leads to confusion when discussing VO2 Max vs. P_VO2 Max.
(See VO2Max below)
QA……………………QUADRANT ANALYSIS
A collection of power measurements graphically displayed as a scatterplot of Average Effective Pedal Force (AEPF) vs Circumferential Pedal Velocity (CPV) which illustrates the way in which a rider generated power during a particular training ride or event. QA allows athletes and coaches to investigate the force/speed requirements of particular forms of riding (e.g. mountain biking vs. criteriums vs. time trials vs. hillclimbs vs. cyclocross, etc.) and to tailor their training to meet those demands.
RHR………………….RESTING HEART RATE
Typically defined either as waking heart rate in beats per minute when an athlete first wakes in the morning or daily resting heart rate taken in a sitting or lying position during the day.
RPE………………….RATE OF PERCEIVED EXERTION
Perceived exertion is how hard you feel your body is actually working. During any physical activity one experiences a variety of physical sensations, ie. an increase in heart and breathing rate, an increase in perspiration and of course muscle fatigue. RPE is typically measured in either a 10 or 20 point scale with higher numbers representing higher intensities. RPE scale - Google Images
RR……………………ROLLING RESISTANCE (TYRES/TIRES)
A fantastic link telling you everything you need to know about tyres and rolling resistance Tire Rolling Resistance - Roues Artisanales - Bike tech magasine - handbuilt wheels boutique
RR……………………ROAD RACE
Bicycle races held on moderate to long courses, typically public roads and often involving up and downhill sections, cornering and long straights. Road races are held as both point to point courses starting and ending at different locations or lapped courses with relatively large laps in the 10 to 50 km range per lap. Road races with laps much shorter than 10 km are often referred to as 'circuit races' but still typically involve substantial climbing and open road tactics (e.g. crosswind echelon riding).
SR……………………STAGE RACE
An extended series of individual races with a single overall ranking. Amateur stage races range from short weekend events to week long races while professional Grand Tours last for up to three weeks of continuous or near continuous racing. Classic stage racing is scored on overall accumulated time with the GC (Grand Classification) winner being the rider with the lowest overall accumulated time. Many amateur 'stage races' are scored in omnium format with points awarded to each stage and the overall winner determined by the rider with the highest overall points regardless of actual elapsed riding time.
SRM…………………CRÈME DE LA CRÈME POWER METER (to some)
SST………………….SWEET SPOT TRAINING
So called ‘Sweet Spot Training’ is fairly hard training carried out over an extended period, however it is not as hard as training at FT (functional threshold) and not as easy as simple endurance or tempo training. Therefore we can say SST fits in nicely somewhere between the 2 levels mentioned.
TRIMPS…………….HEART RATE BASED TRAINING IMPULSE
Method of estimating training load and recovery based on Bannister's impulse response model and utilizing heart rate as input. Limited ability to account for anaerobic and neuromuscular efforts.
TSB………………….TRAINING STRESS BALANCE
The difference between a rider's short term training load (i.e. ATL a proxy for fatigue) and long term training load (i.e. CTL a proxy for fitness) and an indicator of freshness or lack thereof. Large negative values of TSB indicate short term loads well in excess of long term average levels and positive values of TSB indicate short term loads below long term average levels.
TT……………………TIME TRIAL
A competitive event where cyclists riding solo are timed over a set distance.
TSS………………….TRAINING STRESS SCORE
A measure of the training workload that takes into account both duration and intensity (IF) with the relationship:
TSS = IF*IF*hours*100
So a ride with an IF (NP/FTP) = .8 that lasts for 2 hours yields a TSS of 128
For most riders earning up to 120 TSS or so for run of the mill training days is typical, much over 150 starts to be a bigger day, 200 or so might be a big weekend day and much over 250 and most folks take an easier day or two before resuming hard training. Really big rides like mountainous double centuries can yield 400-500 TSS but outside of Grand Tours most folks rest after days like that. TSS coming too easily (IOW, high IF for day in and day out moderate riding) is a good sign that FTP has risen and retesting is in order.
Normalized Power (NP), Intensity Factor (IF), and Training Stress Score (TSS)
VI…………………….VARIABILITY INDEX
Ratio of NP to AP for a given ride or ride segment. In general for steady iso-power or linear power ramped riding NP ~ AP but for bursty riding such as criteriums NP > AP for longer durations. VI expresses this difference and serves as a proxy for the 'burstiness' of a ride.
VO2Max…………….MAXIMAL OXYGEN UPTAKE/DELIVERY
VO2 max (also maximal oxygen consumption, maximal oxygen uptake or aerobic capacity) is the maximum capacity of the body to transport and utilize oxygen. VO2 Max represents the limiting amount of oxygen that a rider can utilize at maximal aerobic effort and establishes a limit to aerobic power production. VO2 Max reflects the athlete's ability to pump oxygenated blood (i.e. heart stroke volume and frequency), to transport oxygen (i.e. red blood cell count and hematocrit) and the ability to utilize oxygen in the working muscles (i.e. capillary and mitochondrial density, muscle mass, etc.). VO2 Max is typically measured in absolute terms (liters/min) or weight normalized terms(ml/kg/min).
W………………….....WATTS
Unit of power equal to one joule of energy per second. One Horsepower equals approximately 746 watts.
W/kg………………….WATTS PER KILOGRAM
Weight normalized method of quantifying a rider's ability to sustain power for a given duration. Directly relates to a rider's ability to climb steeper grades and indirectly relates to rider's ability to sustain a given speed on flats into the wind as heavier riders typically have higher aerodynamic drag for a given riding position. FTP and 5 minute power are often described in terms of w/kg as a means of comparing relative fitness of two cyclists as in general two cyclists of differing weight and power would be able to hold pace with each other up a steeper grade if they could sustain the same w/kg for the duration of the climb.
Z1,Z2 ETC…………..SPECIFIED LEVEL OF INTENSITY
Training Zones typically associated with HR based training. (see L1/L2)
A couple of clarifications and links to more info...
-Dave
