Tue, 18 May 2004 04:56:02 -0400 in article <[email hidden]>
Dr. Andrew B. Chung said:Matti Narkia said:
Quoted message said:More evidence about positive health effects of moderate
drinking:
[snip]
Quoted message said:
Hart CL, Smith GD, Hole DJ, Hawthorne VM. Alcohol
consumption and mortality from all causes, coronary
heart disease, and stroke: results from a prospective
cohort study of scottish men with 21 years of follow up.
BMJ. 1999 Jun 26;318(7200):1725-9. PMID: 10381706
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] <URL:http://bmj.com/cgi/-
content/full/318/7200/1725?view=full&pmid=10381706>
In fact the above study consisting only of 5766 men,
contrary to all the other epidemiological studies and
contrary to an earlier larger British study below, failed
to show positive effect of moderate drinking. It didn't
show negative effect either, though.
The negative health aspects of alcoholism takes year to
manifest.
So? We are not talking about alcoholism, but about light-to-
moderate drinking. Prohibition has been tried in several
countries, it didn't work. It's still being tried in some
islamic countries, it doesn't work there either. So, it just
seems that we have to accept that alcohol is legal in most
countries and accessible to practically everyone whether we
like it or not, and that people try it if they want to. In
these circumstances it's naturally advisable to research the
health effects of various types and doses of alcohol, so
that people can be properly informed about the effects of
their drinking habit on their health and change their habit,
if it's sensible and possible for them to do so. A lot of
research has indeed been conducted and the existing evidence
unequivocally supports the positive health effect of light-to-
moderate drinking. I'm not saying that non-drinkers should
be encouraged to drink, but people who consume alcohol
lightly or moderately should not be discouraged from doing
it, because it is obviously good for their health. To
everyone, and especially to you, Dr. Chung, I highly
recommend reading of the abstract of the article
Goldberg DM, Soleas GJ, Levesque M. Moderate alcohol
consumption: the gentle face of Janus. Clin Biochem. 1999
Oct;32(7):505-18. Review. PMID: 10614714; UI: 20080377 <URL-
:ncbi.nlm.nih.govquery.fcgiOpen ↗
&db=PubMed&list_uids=10614714&dopt=Abstract>
which is given below:
"OBJECTIVES: The regular consumption of alcohol in
moderate amounts (defined in North America as up to 2
drinks per day for men and 1 drink per day for females)
has been recognized in the last decade as a negative risk
factor for atherosclerosis and its clinical sequelae:
coronary heart disease (CHD), ischemic stroke, and
peripheral vascular disease. Mortality and morbidity
attributable to CHD are 40-60% lower in moderate drinkers
than among abstainers. Among the mechanisms accounting
for these reductions, increased circulating
concentrations of HDL-cholesterol and inhibition of blood
coagulation appear to be paramount. Additional benefits
are, in certain beverages, conferred by the presence of
constituents other than alcohol (e.g., flavonoids and
hydroxystilbenes), which prevent oxidative damage, free
radical formation, and elements of the inflammatory
response. CONCLUSIONS: A number of other diseases appear
to be beneficially modulated by moderate alcohol
consumption based on epidemiologic surveys and, in some
instances, experimental evidence. These include duodenal
ulcer, gallstones, enteric infections, rheumatoid
arthritis, osteoporosis, and diabetes mellitus (type II).
Compared with abstainers, moderate drinkers exhibit
improved mental status characterized by decreased stress
and depression, lower absenteeism from work, and
decreased incidence of dementia (including Alzheimer's
disease). Although limits of safe drinking have been
conservatively defined, it is regrettable that political
considerations are hampering the clinical application of
this knowledge and its dissemination to the lay public."
Back to the studies and time factor. The study
Doll R, Peto R, Hall E, Wheatley K, Gray R. Mortality in
relation to consumption of alcohol: 13 years' observations
on male British doctors. BMJ. 1994 Oct 8;309(6959):911-8.
PMID: 7950661; UI: 95038068 <URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.go-
v/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=795066-
1&dopt=Abstract>
ran for 13 years. Its conclusions:
"CONCLUSION--The consumption of alcohol appeared to
reduce the risk of ischaemic heart disease, largely
irrespective of amount. Among regular drinkers mortality
from all causes combined increased progressively with
amount drunk above 21 units a week. Among British men in
middle or older age the consumption of an average of one
or two units of alcohol a day is associated with
significantly lower all cause mortality than is the
consumption of no alcohol, or the consumption of
substantial amounts. Above about three units (two
American units) of alcohol a day, progressively greater
levels of consumption are associated with progressively
higher all cause mortality.
The study
Gaziano JM, Gaziano TA, Glynn RJ, Sesso HD, Ajani UA,
Stampfer MJ, MansonJE, Hennekens CH, Buring JE Light-to-
moderate alcohol consumption and mortality in the
Physicians' Health Study enrollment cohort. J Am Coll
Cardiol 2000 Jan;35(1):96-105 <URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.-
gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=1063-
6266&dopt=Abstract>
had 5.5 years of follow-up. Its conclusions:
"CONCLUSIONS: These data support a U-shaped relation
between alcohol and total mortality among light-to-
moderate drinking men. The U-shaped curve may reflect an
inverse association for CVD mortality, no association
for common site-specific cancers and a possible positive
association for less common cancers."
The study
Wells S, Broad J, Jackson R. Alcohol consumption and its
contribution to the burden of coronary heart disease in middle-
aged and older New Zealanders: a population-based case-
control study. N Z Med J. 2004 Mar 12;117(1190):U793. PMID:
15107896 [PubMed - in process] <URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih-
.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract-
&list_uids=15107896>
concluded
"CONCLUSIONS: Middle-aged and older people who regularly
drink alcohol (more than once per month) have a
significantly lower risk of coronary heart disease than
non-drinkers. The magnitude of the attributable risks
calculated here suggest that light drinking could have a
substantial beneficial effect on coronary disease rates
in this age group in New Zealand."
The study
Diem P, Deplazes M, Fajfr R, Bearth A, Muller B, Christ
ER, Teuscher A. Effects of alcohol consumption on
mortality in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Diabetologia. 2003 Nov;46(11):1581-5. Epub 2003 Sep 24.
PMID: 14508652 [PubMed - in process] <URL:http://www.ncbi-
.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dop-
t=Abstract&list_uids=14508652>
run for 12.6 years and concluded:
"CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION: In Swiss Type 2 diabetic
patients moderate alcohol consumption of 16 to 30 g per
day was associated with reduced mortality from CHD and
from all causes. Alcohol intake above 30 g per day was
associated with a tendency towards increased all-cause
mortality."
The study
Mukamal KJ, Conigrave KM, Mittleman MA, Camargo CA Jr,
Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Rimm EB. Roles of drinking pattern
and type of alcohol consumed in coronary heart disease in
men. N Engl J Med. 2003 Jan 9;348(2):109-18. PMID: 12519921
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] <URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih-
.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract-
&list_uids=12519921>
<URL:http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/348/2/109>
ran for 12 years and concluded
"CONCLUSIONS: Among men, consumption of alcohol at least
three to four days per week was inversely associated
with the risk of myocardial infarction. Neither the type
of beverage nor the proportion consumed with meals
substantially altered this association. Men who
increased their alcohol consumption by a moderate amount
during follow-up had a decreased risk of myocardial
infarction."
The study
Wannamethee SG, Shaper AG, Perry IJ, Alberti KG. Alcohol
consumption and the incidence of type II diabetes. J
Epidemiol Community Health. 2002 Jul;56(7):542-8. PMID:
12080164 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] <URL:http://www.ncb-
i.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt-
=Abstract&list_uids=12080164>
concluded:
"CONCLUSION: There is a non-linear relation between
alcohol intake and the risk of type II diabetes. Serum
insulin and HDL- cholesterol explained a small amount
(20%) of the reduction in risk of type II diabetes
associated with moderate drinking. The adverse effect of
heavy drinking seemed to be partially mediated through
its effect on body weight."
The meta-analysis
Di Castelnuovo A, Rotondo S, Iacoviello L, Donati MB, De
Gaetano G. Meta-analysis of wine and beer consumption in
relation to vascular risk. Circulation. 2002 Jun 18;105(24):2836-
44. PMID: 12070110 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] <URL:http-
://circ.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/105/24/2836>
concluded:
"Conclusions— These findings show evidence of a
significant inverse association between light-to-
moderate wine consumption and vascular risk. A similar,
although smaller association was also apparent in beer
consumption studies. The latter finding, however, is
difficult to interpret because no meaningful
relationship could be found between different amounts of
beer intake and vascular risk."
The study
Miyazaki M, Une H. Japanese alcoholic beverage and all cause
mortality in Japanese adult men. J Epidemiol. 2001 Sep;11(5):219-
23. PMID: 11579929 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] <URL:http-
://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=P-
ubMed&list_uids=11579929&dopt=Abstract>
concluded:
"Comparing all cause mortality for daily drinkers and
nondrinkers with respect to the beverage types, a risk
was lower for daily drinkers than for nondrinkers with
every type of beverage studied. In particular, there was
a statistically significant adverse association for all
cause mortality among subjects who reported drinking
Japanese sake compared with nondrinkers (hazard ratio=
.45, 95% CI: 0.30-0.68). Alcohol consumption
(particularly Japanese sake) is likely to be associated
with a reduced hazardous ratio of all cause mortality."
The study
Imhof A, Froehlich M, Brenner H, Boeing H, Pepys MB, Koenig
W. Effect of alcohol consumption on systemic markers of
inflammation. Lancet. 2001 Mar 10;357(9258):763-7. PMID:
11253971 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] <URL:http://www.ncb-
i.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list-
_uids=11253971&dopt=Abstract>
concluded:
"INTERPRETATION: Non-drinkers and heavy drinkers had
higher CRP concentrations than moderate drinkers. In
view of the robust association between markers of
inflammation, especially CRP, and risk of coronary heart
disease, an anti-inflammatory action of alcohol could
contribute to the link between moderate consumption and
lower cardiovascular mortality."
The study
Tsugane S, Fahey MT, Sasaki S, Baba S. Alcohol consumption
and all-cause and cancer mortality among middle-aged
Japanese men: seven-year follow-up of the JPHC study Cohort
I. Japan Public Health Center. Am J Epidemiol. 1999 Dec 1;150(11):1201-
7. PMID: 10588080 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] <URL:http:-
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=Pu-
bMed&list_uids=10588080&dopt=Abstract>
ran for 7 years and concluded:
"The authors conclude that moderate alcohol consumption
was associated with the lowest risks of all-cause and
cancer mortality, especially among nonsmokers."
The abstract of the study
White IR. The level of alcohol consumption at which all-
cause mortality is least. J Clin Epidemiol. 1999 Oct;52(10):967-
75. PMID: 10513760 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] <URL:http-
://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=P-
ubMed&list_uids=10513760&dopt=Abstract>
states:
"Moderate consumers of alcohol have lower mortality than
either nondrinkers or heavy drinkers. This systematic
review aimed to quantify the level of alcohol
consumption (termed the nadir) at which the lowest
mortality occurs. Twenty cohort studies reported
analyses of all-cause mortality for at least three
categories of alcohol consumption, giving a total of
60,224 deaths among men and 74,824 deaths among women.
The nadir in each study was estimated for men and women
separately in units per week, where 1 unit is 9 g of
alcohol. The estimated nadirs varied substantially
between countries. Combined nadirs were estimated for
U.S. men (overall nadir 7.7 units per week, 95%
confidence interval [CI] 6.4-9.1),
U.K. men (12.9 units per week, 95% CI 10.8-15.1), and
U.S. women
(2.9 units per week, 95% CI 2.0-4.0). The nadirs were
not found to be increased in studies of older persons
and apply for ages 50 to 80 years."
The study
Doll R, Peto R, Hall E, Wheatley K, Gray R. Mortality in
relation to consumption of alcohol: 13 years' observations
on male British doctors. BMJ. 1994 Oct 8;309(6959):911-8.
PMID: 7950661; UI: 95038068 <URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.go-
v/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uids=795066-
1&dopt=Abstract>
concluded:
"CONCLUSION--The consumption of alcohol appeared to
reduce the risk of ischaemic heart disease, largely
irrespective of amount. Among regular drinkers mortality
from all causes combined increased progressively with
amount drunk above 21 units a week. Among British men in
middle or older age the consumption of an average of one
or two units of alcohol a day is associated with
significantly lower all cause mortality than is the
consumption of no alcohol, or the consumption of
substantial amounts. Above about three units (two
American units) of alcohol a day, progressively greater
levels of consumption are associated with progressively
higher all cause mortality."
The study
Hart CL, Smith GD, Hole DJ, Hawthorne VM. Alcohol
consumption and mortality from all causes, coronary heart
disease, and stroke: results from a prospective cohort study
of scottish men with 21 years of follow up. BMJ. 1999 Jun
26;318(7200):1725-9. PMID: 10381706 [PubMed - indexed for
MEDLINE] <URL:http://bmj.com/cgi/content/full/318/7200/1725-
?view=full&pmid=10381706>
found no effect, positive or negative, for light to
moderate drinking.
Quoted message said:The negative societal impact of alcoholism is as large if
not larger than the health impact.
Again you are talking about alcoholism, not about light-to-
moderate drinking. Alcoholism has no positive health or
social effects. Alcoholism can be prevented only by totally
preventing access to alcohol, which is not possible as has
been demonstrated.
Quoted message said:Quoted message said:Quoted message said:Doll R, Peto R, Hall E, Wheatley K, Gray R. Mortality in
relation to consumption of alcohol: 13 years'
observations on male British doctors. BMJ. 1994 Oct 8;309(6959):911-
8. PMID: 7950661; UI: 95038068 <URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm-
.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_-
uids=7950661&dopt=Abstract>
But for example a lot larger epidemiological study,
Larger is not necessarily better especially for
epidemiological studies.
It helps to eliminate the effect of chance and to improve
the power and significance of the study.
Quoted message said:Quoted message said:Gaziano JM, Gaziano TA, Glynn RJ, Sesso HD, Ajani UA,
Stampfer MJ, Manson JE, Hennekens CH, Buring JE Light-to-
moderate alcohol consumption and mortality in the
Physicians' Health Study enrollment cohort. J Am Coll
Cardiol 2000 Jan;35(1):96-105 <URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.n-
ih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list_uid-
s=10636266&dopt=Abstract>
consisting 89,299 U.S. men from the Physicians' Health
Study, supported a U-shaped relation between alcohol and
total mortality among light-to-moderate drinking men.
Gollum, would wait for the randomized controlled trials to
show clinical benefits. Ime, alcohol consumption is *not*
associated with longevity.
Taking into consideration your age, your experience is far
too limited to enable you to make any conclusions about the
alcohol's association with longevity.
As for randomized controlled clinical trials, I've presented
several of them showing positive health effects of light-to-
moderate drinking. You didn't want to have a look at the
evidence opposing your _opinion_?
Here again some of these randomized controlled
clinical trials:
Sierksma A, Patel H, Ouchi N, Kihara S, Funahashi T, Heine
RJ, Grobbee DE, Kluft C, Hendriks HF. Effect of moderate
alcohol consumption on adiponectin, tumor necrosis factor-
alpha, and insulin sensitivity. Diabetes Care. 2004 Jan;27(1):184-
9. PMID: 14693987 [PubMed - in process] <URL:http://www.ncb-
i.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt-
=Abstract&list_uids=14693987>
"... we performed a randomized crossover partially diet-
controlled study. ...
[...]
CONCLUSIONS: The experimental results are in agreement
with observational data. Moderate alcohol consumption
improved insulin sensitivity in relatively insulin-
resistant middle-aged men, an effect that may be
mediated through alcohol-induced increases in
adiponectin."
Sierksma A, van der Gaag MS, van Tol A, James RW, Hendriks
HF. Kinetics of HDL cholesterol and paraoxonase activity in
moderate alcohol consumers. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2002 Sep;26(9):1430-
5. PMID: 12351939 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] <URL:http:-
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pu-
bmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12351939>
"... METHODS: In a randomized, diet-controlled,
crossover study, 10 middle-aged men and 9 postmenopausal
women, all apparently healthy, nonsmoking, and moderate
alcohol drinkers, consumed beer or no-alcohol beer
(control) with evening dinner during two successive
periods of 3 weeks.
[...]
CONCLUSIONS: Serum apo A-I, HDL cholesterol, and PON
activity were significantly increased during 3 weeks of
moderate alcohol consumption as compared with no alcohol
consumption. Moreover, the results suggest that there is
a sequence in induction of these parameters. After an
increase in apo A-I, HDL cholesterol is increased
followed by an increase in PON activity. Increased serum
HDL cholesterol level and PON activity may be a
mechanism of action not only in healthy middle-aged men
but also in postmenopausal women, underlying the reduced
coronary heart disease risk in moderate drinkers."
van der Gaag MS, van Tol A, Vermunt SH, Scheek LM, Schaafsma
G, Hendriks HF. Alcohol consumption stimulates early steps
in reverse cholesterol transport. J Lipid Res. 2001 Dec;42(12):2077-
83. PMID: 11734581 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<URL:http://www.jlr.org/cgi/content/full/42/12/2077>
"... Eleven healthy middle-aged men consumed four
glasses (40 g of alcohol) of red wine, beer, spirits
(Dutch gin), or carbonated mineral water (control) daily
with evening dinner, for 3 weeks, according to a 4 x 4
Latin square design.
[...]
In conclusion, alcohol consumption stimulates cellular
cholesterol efflux and its esterification in plasma.
These effects were mostly independent of the kind of
alcoholic beverage."
van der Gaag MS, Sierksma A, Schaafsma G, van Tol A, Geelhoed-
Mieras T, Bakker M, Hendriks HF. Moderate alcohol
consumption and changes in postprandial lipoproteins of
premenopausal and postmenopausal women: a diet-controlled,
randomized intervention study. J Womens Health Gend Based
Med. 2000 Jul-Aug;9(6):607-16. PMID: 10957749 [PubMed -
indexed for MEDLINE] <URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entre-
z/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids-
=10957749>
"... In this diet-controlled, randomized, crossover
trial, we investigated the effect on lipoprotein
metabolism of moderate consumption of red wine or red
grape juice with evening dinner for 3 weeks in
premenopausal women using oral contraceptives and in
postmenopausal women.
[...]
After wine consumption, the overall high-density
lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level was increased in
postmenopausal women (mean increase 0.17 mmol/L, or 12%,
p = 0.03), and the plasma low-density lipoprotein (LDL)
cholesterol level was reduced in premenopausal women
(mean reduction 0.35 mmol/L, or 12%, p = 0.01) as
compared with grape juice consumption. The findings
suggest that postprandial lipoprotein metabolism after
moderate alcohol consumption differs between oral contraceptive-
using premenopausal women and postmenopausal women. The
response of postmenopausal women to alcohol resembled the
response found in earlier studies in men."
van der Gaag MS, van Tol A, Scheek LM, James RW, Urgert R,
Schaafsma G, Hendriks HF. Daily moderate alcohol consumption
increases serum paraoxonase activity; a diet-controlled,
randomised intervention study in middle-aged men.
Atherosclerosis. 1999 Dec;147(2):405-10. PMID: 10559527
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] <URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih-
.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract-
&list_uids=10559527>
"... In this diet-controlled, randomised, cross-over
study 11 healthy middle-aged men consumed each of the
beverages with evening dinner for 3 weeks.
"... In this diet-controlled, randomised, cross-over
study 11 healthy middle-aged men consumed each of the
beverages with evening dinner for 3 weeks."
[...]
Fasting paraoxonase activity was higher after intake of
wine (P<0.
3), beer (P<0.001), and spirits (P<0.001) than after
water consumption (149.4+/-111.1, 152.6+/-113.1, 152.8+/-
116.5 and 143. 1+/-107.9 U/l serum), but did not differ
significantly between the 3 alcoholic beverages.
Similar effects were observed pre- and postprandially.
The increases in paraoxonase activity were strongly
correlated with coincident increases in concentrations
of HDL-C and apo A-I (r=0.60, P<0.05 and r=0.70,
P<0.05). These data suggest that increased serum
paraoxonase may be one of the biological mechanisms
underlying the reduced coronary heart disease risk in
moderate alcohol consumers."
van Tol A, van der Gaag MS, Scheek LM, van Gent T, Hendriks
HF. Changes in postprandial lipoproteins of low and high
density caused by moderate alcohol consumption with dinner.
Atherosclerosis. 1998 Dec;141 Suppl 1:S101-3. PMID: 9888651
[PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] <URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih-
.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract-
&list_uids=9888651>
"We measured the effects of consumption of moderate
amounts of beer, wine or spirits with evening dinner on
plasma LDL and HDL levels as well as composition in 11
healthy middle-aged men. Forty grams of alcohol were
consumed daily with dinner for a period of 3 weeks.
Mineral water was used as a negative control.
[...]
The observed alcohol-dependent effects on plasma HDL and
LDL during the postprandial phase are considered anti-
atherogenic and may contribute to the observed protection
against coronary heart disease by moderate alcohol
consumption."
Hendriks HF, Veenstra J, Velthuis-te Wierik EJ, Schaafsma G,
Kluft C. Effect of moderate dose of alcohol with evening
meal on fibrinolytic factors. BMJ. 1994 Apr 16;308(6935):1003-
6. PMID: 8167511 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] <URL:http:/-
/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pub-
med&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=8167511>
"... DESIGN--Four treatments were allocated in a
randomised controlled order on four days over a period
of 11 days.
[...]
CONCLUSION--Moderate alcohol consumption with dinner
affects plasminogen activator inhibitor activity,
plasminogen activator antigen level, and tissue type
plasminogen activator activity temporarily. The effects
observed in the early morning are consistent with a
decrease in risk of coronary heart disease in moderate
drinkers."
And here some randomized controlled trials I have not
previously presented:
Foppa M, Fuchs FD, Preissler L, Andrighetto A, Rosito GA,
Duncan BB. Red wine with the noon meal lowers post-meal
blood pressure: a randomized trial in centrally obese,
hypertensive patients. J Stud Alcohol. 2002 Mar;63(2):247-
51. PMID: 12033702 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] <URL:http-
://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=p-
ubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12033702>
"... METHOD: Thirteen (8 female) middle-aged, centrally
obese, hypertensive and otherwise healthy participants
received, in an open randomized crossover experiment, red
wine (250 ml to approximately 23 g of ethanol) and a
placebo equivalent, together with a standardized lunch.
[...]
CONCLUSIONS: Ingestion of 250 ml of red wine, together
with the noon meal, resulted in reduction of the
postprandial blood pressure of centrally obese,
hypertensive subjects. The effect lasted throughout most
of the remaining daytime interval and appeared to modify
the usual blood pressure variation pattern."
Davies MJ, Baer DJ, Judd JT, Brown ED, Campbell WS, Taylor
PR. Effects of moderate alcohol intake on fasting insulin
and glucose concentrations and insulin sensitivity in
postmenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA.
2002 May 15;287(19):2559-62. PMID: 12020337 [PubMed -
indexed for MEDLINE] <URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entre-
z/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids-
=12020337>
"... DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Randomized
controlled crossover trial of 63 healthy postmenopausal
women, conducted at a clinical research center in Maryland
between 1998 and 1999. INTERVENTIONS: Participants were
randomly assigned to consume 0, 15, or 30 g/d of alcohol
for 8 weeks each as part of a controlled diet. All foods
and beverages were provided during the intervention. An
isocaloric beverage was provided in the 0-g/d arm. Energy
intake was adjusted to maintain constant body weight.
[...]
CONCLUSIONS: Consumption of 30 g/d of alcohol (2 drinks
per day) has beneficial effects on insulin and
triglyceride concentrations and insulin sensitivity in
nondiabetic postmenopausal women."
Gorinstein S, Zemser M, Libman I, Trakhtenberg S, Caspi A.
Effect of beer consumption on plasma magnesium: randomized
comparison with mineral water. J R Soc Med. 1998 Dec;91(12):631-
3. PMID: 10730110 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] <URL:http:-
//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pu-
bmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=10730110>
"Moderate consumption of ethanol lowers mortality from
coronary artery disease, and one of the possible
mechanisms is an antiarrhythmic action. We therefore
investigated the effect of a small daily dose of beer on
plasma electrolytes. 52 men who seldom drank alcohol,
clinically stable more than one year after coronary
bypass surgery, were randomized to drink either 330 mL
beer (containing about 20 g ethanol) or mineral water
with similar potassium, magnesium, calcium and sodium
content daily for 30 days. Plasma electrolytes and liver
function indices, and also heart rate, blood pressure
and weight, were measured before and after the trial
period. The only significant before-and-after difference
was in the group consuming beer, whose plasma magnesium
rose from 0.89 (SD 0.01) to 0.98 (SD 0.02) mmol/L (P <
0.0025). This level of beer consumption did no obvious
harm to liver function and its possibly beneficial
effect on plasma magnesium deserves further
investigation."
--
Matti Narkia