I wrote:
|
| I actually recently put onto some HTTP sites a summary of the
| origins of newsgroups and the sometimes confusing name "Usenet."
Here they are.
--------
It may be worth explaining that "Usenet" is a confusing name. It was never
a "network" but the collection of newsgroups. However, newsgroups developed
from the world of computers networked informally by the store-and-forward
message capability of UUCP, the Unix-to-Unix Copy protocol. UUCP provided
email and, from 1979, "news," or public fora; it only required a telephone
modem for one computer to talk to another. (Unix operating systems and
related software, from Bell Labs, Berkeley, etc., were lingua-franca for
much of the university and research software world from the 1970s on. The
Unix user's conference was Usenix, the news capability was Usenet, and there
were other acronyms. Versions of UUCP followed for other operating systems
such as VMS and DOS.)
Confusing this picture was that many US hub computers for UUCP were also on
the Internet, the research network that had started in the late 1960s,
called ARPAnet in the 1970s and "ARPA Internet" from early 1980s. (That
network, as many people know despite after-the-fact mythmaking, consisted of
standardized communication protocols to permit diverse grantees of US DARPA,
which supported a lot of US computer research in those days, to talk to each
other.)
Newsgroups were read in the 1980s by people on the Internet per se
(including me); Internet paths also supplemented phone modems to pass
newsgroup messages, informally at first. After 1986 the Network News
Transfer Protocol (NNTP), for high-speed networks, shifted much carriage of
newsgroups to the actual Internet. UUCP and telephone modems dwindled, and
with them, the multi-day Time Warp that formerly confused exchanges on
newsgroups, and that gelled customs such as quoting context when you reply
to an earlier message (still important but not as desperately so as
originally). I recall still addressing some email as late as the early
1990s via UUCP hops (xmachine!ymachine!username) or mixed Internet-UUCP.
There were also private email networks, SprintMail, MCIMail, CompuServe,
AOL, etc.; BITNET with its mailing-list servers. Some of these services
offered newsgroup-like capabilities internally. In time they merged their
email into the existing Internet format, and sometimes gave their
subscribers access to newsgroups, the Internet's standard forum tool. The
picture evolved further with HTTP-based fora a few years later. Despite
some confusing "tutorial" definitions, "Usenet" still denotes newsgroups,
not a network per se.
Supplemental milestone recollections in case of interest:
On April 1, 1984, Piet Beertema, a Netherlands networking engineer who'd
worked to get co-operation across the Atlantic for higher bandwidth, staged
a practical joke with forged UUCP paths from the Kremlin. I posted on the
20th anniversary a summary of this "Kremvax" caper and sequelae (the Kremlin
sys admin actually named a first networking machine Kremvax, honoring
Beertema, and so on), archived currently here:
http://tinyurl.com/4zo5j
In May 1987, after a dinner, Brian Reid and associates launched a secondary
set of newsgroups within Usenet but with looser creation and distribution
requirements, the "alt" groups. Reid's motivation actually was recipes.
Among the resulting new newsgroups, alt.drugs appeared after debate. Then
Reid created alt.sex and posted the following remarks (April 3, 1988):
"That meant that the alt network now carried alt.sex and
alt.drugs. It was therefore artistically necessary to create
alt.rock-n-roll, which I have also done. I have no idea what
sort of traffic it will carry. If the bizzarroids take it over I
will rmgroup it or moderate it; otherwise I will let it be."