two cholesterol questions

joe smigiel said:

1) What role does cholesterol play in the brain? I've
read it is the most prevalent molecule present in the
brain.

Cholesterol is used in the growing brain for myelination.
Once the brain is grown and fully myelinated, there is
probably very little need for additional cholesterol.

Quoted message said:

2) Does anyone know the median value of serum cholesterol
for the general population who are not taking cholesterol-
reducing medications?

Depends on the population. For growing children, it is
typically between 100-150 mg/dL.

Quoted message said:

Thanks for any info.

You are welcome, Joe.

Servant to the humblest person in the universe,

Andrew

--
Dr. Andrew B. Chung, MD/PhD
Board-Certified Cardiologist
heartmdphd.comheartmdphd.comOpen ↗

**
Who is the humblest person in the universe?
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What is all this about?
makeashorterlink.commakeashorterlink.comOpen ↗

Is this spam?
makeashorterlink.commakeashorterlink.comOpen ↗

joe smigiel <[email hidden]> wrote in message news:<[email hidden]>...

Quoted message said:

1) What role does cholesterol play in the brain? I've
read it is the most prevalent molecule present in the
brain.

2) Does anyone know the median value of serum cholesterol
for the general population who are not taking cholesterol-
reducing medications?

Thanks for any info.

Consider this. Zee

biopsychiatry.comcholomega3sui.htmOpen ↗

Cholesterol, essential fatty acids, and suicide by Brunner
J, Parhofer KG, Schwandt P, Bronisch T. Max Planck
Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 10, 80804 Munich,
Germany. [email hidden]. de Pharmacopsychiatry 2002
Jan;35(1):1-5

ABSTRACT Epidemiological and clinical studies have described
an association between lower serum cholesterol
concentrations and increased suicide risk that is not
entirely attributable to depression-related malnutrition and
weight loss. Recent epidemiological studies with greater
samples and longer follow-up periods, however, have even
shown a positive correlation between cholesterol
concentrations and suicide risk after controlling for
potential confounding variables. A meta-analysis of earlier
intervention trials suggested that cholesterol lowering
could cause or worsen depressive symptoms and increase the
risk of suicide. Large trials of statins (simvastatin,
lovastatin, and pravastatin) did not show an increase of
suicide mortality. The aim of this selective review is to
critically discuss the current evidence for a potential link
between cholesterol, essential fatty acids, depression,
suicide, impulsivity, and aggression. Preclinical data
support the hypothesis that cholesterol reduction may
contribute to the serotonergic abnormalities that have been
postulated in suicidal subjects. Recently, it was
hypothesised that a decreased consumption of polyunsaturated
fatty acids, especially omega-3 fatty acids, may be a risk
factor for depression and suicide. Currently, we do not have
sufficient evidence that cholesterol-lowering therapies
increase the risk of depression and suicide. Increasing the
dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids may increase central
serotonergic activity and reduce impulsive and aggressive
behaviours.

fresh~horses said:

joe smigiel <[email hidden]> wrote in message news:<40A7AE84.7020604@net-
link.nOt>...

Quoted message said:

1) What role does cholesterol play in the brain? I've
read it is the most prevalent molecule present in
the brain.

2) Does anyone know the median value of serum
cholesterol for the general population who are not
taking cholesterol-reducing medications?

Thanks for any info.

Consider this. Zee

biopsychiatry.comcholomega3sui.htmOpen ↗

Cholesterol, essential fatty acids, and suicide by Brunner
J, Parhofer KG, Schwandt P, Bronisch T. Max Planck
Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstrasse 10, 80804
Munich, Germany. [email hidden]. de
Pharmacopsychiatry 2002 Jan;35(1):1-5

ABSTRACT Epidemiological and clinical studies have
described an association between lower serum cholesterol
concentrations and increased suicide risk that is not
entirely attributable to depression-related malnutrition
and weight loss. Recent epidemiological studies with
greater samples and longer follow-up periods, however,
have even shown a positive correlation between cholesterol
concentrations and suicide risk after controlling for
potential confounding variables.

In other words, higher cholesterol --> more suicides.

Quoted message said:

A meta-analysis of earlier intervention trials suggested
that cholesterol lowering could cause or worsen depressive
symptoms and increase the risk of suicide. Large trials of
statins (simvastatin, lovastatin, and pravastatin) did not
show an increase of suicide mortality. The aim of this
selective review is to critically discuss the current
evidence for a potential link between cholesterol,
essential fatty acids, depression, suicide, impulsivity,
and aggression. Preclinical data support the hypothesis
that cholesterol reduction may contribute to the
serotonergic abnormalities that have been postulated in
suicidal subjects. Recently, it was hypothesised that a
decreased consumption of polyunsaturated fatty acids,
especially omega-3 fatty acids, may be a risk factor for
depression and suicide. Currently, we do not have
sufficient evidence that cholesterol-lowering therapies
increase the risk of depression and suicide. Increasing
the dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids may increase
central serotonergic activity and reduce impulsive and
aggressive behaviours.

It would seem that the authors of this commentary are riding
the fence on this topic, Zee.

May God bless you for your contribution, in Christ's name.

Servant to the humblest person in the universe,

Andrew

--
Dr. Andrew B. Chung, MD/PhD
Board-Certified Cardiologist
heartmdphd.comheartmdphd.comOpen ↗

**
Who is the humblest person in the universe?
makeashorterlink.commakeashorterlink.comOpen ↗

What is all this about?
makeashorterlink.commakeashorterlink.comOpen ↗

Is this spam?
makeashorterlink.commakeashorterlink.comOpen ↗

"Dr. Andrew B. Chung, MD/PhD" <[email hidden]> wrote in message news:<[email hidden]>...

Quoted message said:

joe smigiel said:

1) What role does cholesterol play in the brain? I've
read it is the most prevalent molecule present in
the brain.

Andrew:

"Preclinical data support the hypothesis that cholesterol
reduction may contribute to the serotonergic abnormalities
that have been postulated in suicidal subjects. Recently, it
was hypothesised that a decreased consumption of
polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially omega-3 fatty acids,
may be a risk factor for depression and suicide. Currently,
we do not have sufficient evidence .... ."

I repeat: consider this.

Zee

In article <[email hidden]>,

(fresh~horses) said:

"Preclinical data support the hypothesis that cholesterol
reduction may contribute to the serotonergic abnormalities
that have been postulated in suicidal subjects. Recently,
it was hypothesised that a decreased consumption of
polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially omega-3 fatty
acids, may be a risk factor for depression and suicide.
Currently, we do not have sufficient evidence .... ."

I repeat: consider this.

Zee

Hello folks! found this and is seems relevant.

"Emory study finds mental health and heart disease
tightly linked."

...........................................................-
.............. .......

eurekalert.orgmedicine.phpOpen ↗

PUBLIC RELEASE DATE: 14-MAY-2004 [ Print This Article |
Close This Window ] Contact: Beverly Cox Clark
[email hidden] 404-712-8780 Emory University Health
Sciences Center Emory study finds mental health and heart
disease tightly linked Attaining and sustaining good mental
health is just as vital as other factors, such as exercise
and diet, in the prevention of cardiovascular disease,
especially for women over the age of 45, according to a
study by Emory University sociologist Corey Keyes published
this month in the journal Aging and Mental Health. Using
national survey data, Keyes' study examined the prevalence
of mental health issues among people with cardiovascular
disease, the leading cause of death in the United States. In
investigating linkages between the two, Keyes used a measure
of mental health as a "complete state" that looked beyond
episodes of mental illness to also incorporate the
subjective well-being of people, and how well they are
functioning and flourishing in life. The study found that
cardiovascular disease was lowest in adults who were the
most mentally healthy, and higher among adults with major
depressive episodes, minor depression and moderate mental
health. The relationship between cardiovascular disease and
mental health was the same for age

ages of 45 and 74, where mental health issues under his
"complete state" measure were much more prevalent. Previous
research has found major depression and stress to be
contributing factors for, and a consequence of,
cardiovascular disease, Keyes says. Although good mental
health traditionally has meant the absence of mental
illnesses like depression, health care professionals, in
treating patients with cardiovascular disease, "should view
and evaluate mental health as more than merely the absence
of psychopathology, and look at the full picture of how
their patients are coping and functioning in life," he says
Overall, only 17 percent fit the criteria for full mental
health in the study. As a result, estimates of
cardiovascular disease risk among adults with lower levels
of positive mental health are likely to be inaccurate and
possibly underestimated, he says. "We seriously
underestimate the connection between mental health and
cardiovascular disease, especially for post-menopausal
women. We are not doing as well in treating mental health on
par with other risk factors," says Keyes, an associate
professor of sociology who conducted the study in
conjunction with Emory's Rollins School of Public Health.
Keyes' study used data from a representative sample of
American adults between the ages of 25 and 74 collected in
1995 from the MacArthur Foundation's "Midlife in the United
States" survey. About 12 percent of adults reported some
form of cardiovascular diseases. Independent of mental
health status, risk for any cardiovascular disease increased
with age and as education decreased, and the risk was higher
among males, married adults and unemployed adults. Keyes is
lead editor of "Flourishing: Positive Psychology and the
Life Well-Lived," published in 2002 by the American
Psychological Association, and is co-editor of "Well-Being:
Positive Development Throughout the Life Course," published
in 2003 by Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Inc.
###
Emory University is known for its demanding academics,
outstanding undergraduate college of arts and sciences,
highly ranked professional schools and state-of-the-art
research facilities. For more than a decade Emory has been
named one of the country's top 25 national universities by
U.S. News & World Report. In addition to its nine schools,
the university encompasses The Carter Center, Yerkes
National Primate Research Center and Emory Healthcare, a
comprehensive metropolitan health care system.

--
Zone 5 In South Jersey USA Shade Consider all sorts of
music at xpn.orgxpn.orgOpen ↗ "No Progress without contraries"
William Blake.

Sun, 16 May 2004 17:43:54 -0400 in article <[email hidden]>

Dr. Andrew B. Chung said:

joe smigiel said:

1) What role does cholesterol play in the brain? I've
read it is the most prevalent molecule present in the
brain.

Cholesterol is used in the growing brain for myelination.
Once the brain is grown and fully myelinated, there is
probably very little need for additional cholesterol.

Brain needs cholesterol for proper functioning, see
for example

Mauch DH, Nagler K, Schumacher S, Goritz C, Muller EC, Otto
A, Pfrieger FW. CNS synaptogenesis promoted by glia-derived
cholesterol. Science. 2001 Nov 9;294(5545):1354-7. PMID:
11701931 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] <URL:http://www.ncb-
i.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list-
_uids=11701931&dopt=Abstract>

"... CNS neurons produce enough cholesterol to survive
and grow, but the formation of numerous mature synapses
demands additional amounts that must be provided by
glia. Thus, the availability of cholesterol appears to
limit synapse development. This may explain the delayed
onset of CNS synaptogenesis after glia differentiation
and neurobehavioral manifestations of defects in
cholesterol or lipoprotein homeostasis."

Brain researchers discover bright side of ill-famed
molecule: nerve cells need cholesterol to establish
contacts. New perspectives for the treatment of brain
lesions Centre de Neurochimie in Strasbourg, Press release
November 8, 2001 <URL:http://www.cnrs.fr/cw/en/pres/compres-
s/BienfaitCholesterol.htm>

"Cholesterol, which is an essential component of the
plasma membrane, has a bad reputation, because high
cholesterol levels in the blood raise the risk for
atherosclerosis and consequently heart attack and
stroke. The identification of cholesterol as
synaptogenic factor shows a surprisingly beneficial side
of this infamous molecule. The new results suggest that
the availability of cholesterol in the brain limits the
extent of synaptogenesis and that a defective
cholesterol metabolism in the brain impairs its
development and function.

Neurons appear to produce enough cholesterol to survive
and to grow, but require external cholesterol to form a
sufficient number of synaptic contacts. Since cells in
the brain cannot access the cholesterol supply in the
blood, they need to synthesize cholesterol by
themselves. According to the new results, glial cells
produce surplus cholesterol and deliver it to neurons
via lipoproteins. This dependence indicates a new role
for glial cells as cholesterol providers and could
explain why synaptogenesis in the CNS occurs after the
differentiation of macroglial cells."

Vital ingredient for a healthy memory BBC News, Thursday, 8
November, 2001 news.bbc.co.uknewsOpen ↗
id_1645000/1645372.stm

"Cholesterol plays a crucial role in making sure that
the brain works properly.

The compound is notorious for clogging up the arteries,
leading to heart disease and stroke.

But scientists have found that it stimulates the nerve
cells of the brain to make the connections that are
essential to learning and memory.

The brain does not obtain cholesterol from the blood.

The molecules are too big to pass across the blood-brain
barrier which provides a frontline defence against toxic
substances.

New research by French and German scientists suggests
that instead cholesterol is secreted by support cells
within the brain.

[...]

The scientists speculate that genetic or age-related
problems in the cholesterol mechanism might play a role
in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's.

Dr Pfrieger said: "Cholesterol is necessary in large
quantity if nerve cells are to make connections with
each other.

"A defective cholesterol metabolism in the brain may
impair its development and function.""

--
Matti Narkia

Sun, 16 May 2004 17:43:54 -0400 in article <[email hidden]>

Dr. Andrew B. Chung said:

joe smigiel said:

1) What role does cholesterol play in the brain? I've
read it is the most prevalent molecule present in the
brain.

Cholesterol is used in the growing brain for myelination.
Once the brain is grown and fully myelinated, there is
probably very little need for additional cholesterol.

Brain needs cholesterol for proper functioning, see
for example

Mauch DH, Nagler K, Schumacher S, Goritz C, Muller EC, Otto
A, Pfrieger FW. CNS synaptogenesis promoted by glia-derived
cholesterol. Science. 2001 Nov 9;294(5545):1354-7. PMID:
11701931 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] <URL:http://www.ncb-
i.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&list-
_uids=11701931&dopt=Abstract>

"... CNS neurons produce enough cholesterol to survive
and grow, but the formation of numerous mature synapses
demands additional amounts that must be provided by
glia. Thus, the availability of cholesterol appears to
limit synapse development. This may explain the delayed
onset of CNS synaptogenesis after glia differentiation
and neurobehavioral manifestations of defects in
cholesterol or lipoprotein homeostasis."

Brain researchers discover bright side of ill-famed
molecule: nerve cells need cholesterol to establish
contacts. New perspectives for the treatment of brain
lesions Centre de Neurochimie in Strasbourg, Press release
November 8, 2001 <URL:http://www.cnrs.fr/cw/en/pres/compres-
s/BienfaitCholesterol.htm>

"Cholesterol, which is an essential component of the
plasma membrane, has a bad reputation, because high
cholesterol levels in the blood raise the risk for
atherosclerosis and consequently heart attack and
stroke. The identification of cholesterol as
synaptogenic factor shows a surprisingly beneficial side
of this infamous molecule. The new results suggest that
the availability of cholesterol in the brain limits the
extent of synaptogenesis and that a defective
cholesterol metabolism in the brain impairs its
development and function.

Neurons appear to produce enough cholesterol to survive
and to grow, but require external cholesterol to form a
sufficient number of synaptic contacts. Since cells in
the brain cannot access the cholesterol supply in the
blood, they need to synthesize cholesterol by
themselves. According to the new results, glial cells
produce surplus cholesterol and deliver it to neurons
via lipoproteins. This dependence indicates a new role
for glial cells as cholesterol providers and could
explain why synaptogenesis in the CNS occurs after the
differentiation of macroglial cells."

Vital ingredient for a healthy memory BBC News, Thursday, 8
November, 2001 news.bbc.co.uknewsOpen ↗
id_1645000/1645372.stm

"Cholesterol plays a crucial role in making sure that
the brain works properly.

The compound is notorious for clogging up the arteries,
leading to heart disease and stroke.

But scientists have found that it stimulates the nerve
cells of the brain to make the connections that are
essential to learning and memory.

The brain does not obtain cholesterol from the blood.

The molecules are too big to pass across the blood-brain
barrier which provides a frontline defence against toxic
substances.

New research by French and German scientists suggests
that instead cholesterol is secreted by support cells
within the brain.

[...]

The scientists speculate that genetic or age-related
problems in the cholesterol mechanism might play a role
in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's.

Dr Pfrieger said: "Cholesterol is necessary in large
quantity if nerve cells are to make connections with
each other.

"A defective cholesterol metabolism in the brain may
impair its development and function.""

--
Matti Narkia

Mon, 17 May 2004 14:29:46 +0300 in article
<[email hidden]> Matti Narkia

Quoted message said:

Sun, 16 May 2004 17:43:54 -0400 in article
<[email hidden]> "Dr. Andrew B. Chung,

MD/PhD said:

joe smigiel said:

1) What role does cholesterol play in the brain? I've
read it is the most prevalent molecule present in
the brain.

Cholesterol is used in the growing brain for myelination.
Once the brain is grown and fully myelinated, there is
probably very little need for additional cholesterol.

Brain needs cholesterol for proper functioning, see
for example

Mauch DH, Nagler K, Schumacher S, Goritz C, Muller EC, Otto
A, Pfrieger FW. CNS synaptogenesis promoted by glia-derived
cholesterol. Science. 2001 Nov 9;294(5545):1354-7. PMID:
11701931 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] <URL:http://www.nc-
bi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&li-
st_uids=11701931&dopt=Abstract>

Additional reading about this interesting topic:

Cholesterol enables nerve cells to connect - synapse
formation - Brief Article. Science News, Nov 17, 2001 by J.
Travis <URL:http://articles.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_-
m1200/is_20_160/ai_80747802>

Goritz C, Mauch DH, Nagler K, Pfrieger FW. Role of glia-
derived cholesterol in synaptogenesis: new revelations in
the synapse-glia affair. J Physiol Paris. 2002 Apr-Jun;96(3-4):257-
63. Review. PMID: 12445904 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retr-
ieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12445904>

Koudinov AR, Koudinova NV. Essential role for cholesterol in
synaptic plasticity and neuronal degeneration. FASEB J. 2001
Aug;15(10):1858-60. PMID: 11481254 [PubMed - indexed for
MEDLINE]
<URL:http://www.fasebj.org/cgi/content/full/15/10/1858>

Koudinov AR, Koudinova NV. Cholesterol, synaptic function
and Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2003 Sep;36
Suppl 2:S107-12. PMID: 14574623 [PubMed - indexed for
MEDLINE] <URL:http://www.thieme-connect.com/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-
2003-43055>

Koudinov AR, Koudinova NV. BRAIN CHOLESTEROL PATHOLOGY IS
THE CAUSE OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE Clin Med Health Res (2001)
clinmed/2001100005 <URL:http://clinmed.netprints.org/cgi/co-
ntent/full/2001100005v1>

Koudinov A. A link between cholesterol, synapse plasticity,
degeneration and neurological disorders: reinvention or
integration? Bioessays. 2003 Jul;25(7):736-7; author reply
737. PMID: 12815729 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]tp://neurobiologyoflipids.org/content/2/1/neurolipids022003-
01.pdf>

Koudinov AR, Koudinova NV. AMYLOID BETA PROTEIN RESTORES
HIPPOCAMPAL LONG TERM POTENTIATION: A CENTRAL ROLE FOR
CHOLESTEROL? 32nd Society for Neuroscience Annual Meeting
Proceedings article Neurobiol Lipids 1, 8 (15 September
2003)tp://neurobiologyoflipids.org/content/1/8/neurolipids112002-
03.html>

Kirsch C, Eckert GP, Koudinov AR, Muller WE. Brain
cholesterol, statins and Alzheimer's Disease.
Pharmacopsychiatry. 2003 Sep;36 Suppl 2:S113-9. PMID:
14574624 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] <URL:http://www.ncb-
i.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt-
=Abstract&list_uids=14574624>

--
Matti Narkia

Mon, 17 May 2004 14:29:46 +0300 in article
<[email hidden]> Matti Narkia

Quoted message said:

Sun, 16 May 2004 17:43:54 -0400 in article
<[email hidden]> "Dr. Andrew B. Chung,

MD/PhD said:

joe smigiel said:

1) What role does cholesterol play in the brain? I've
read it is the most prevalent molecule present in
the brain.

Cholesterol is used in the growing brain for myelination.
Once the brain is grown and fully myelinated, there is
probably very little need for additional cholesterol.

Brain needs cholesterol for proper functioning, see
for example

Mauch DH, Nagler K, Schumacher S, Goritz C, Muller EC, Otto
A, Pfrieger FW. CNS synaptogenesis promoted by glia-derived
cholesterol. Science. 2001 Nov 9;294(5545):1354-7. PMID:
11701931 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] <URL:http://www.nc-
bi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=PubMed&li-
st_uids=11701931&dopt=Abstract>

Additional reading about this interesting topic:

Cholesterol enables nerve cells to connect - synapse
formation - Brief Article. Science News, Nov 17, 2001 by J.
Travis <URL:http://articles.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_-
m1200/is_20_160/ai_80747802>

Goritz C, Mauch DH, Nagler K, Pfrieger FW. Role of glia-
derived cholesterol in synaptogenesis: new revelations in
the synapse-glia affair. J Physiol Paris. 2002 Apr-Jun;96(3-4):257-
63. Review. PMID: 12445904 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retr-
ieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12445904>

Koudinov AR, Koudinova NV. Essential role for cholesterol in
synaptic plasticity and neuronal degeneration. FASEB J. 2001
Aug;15(10):1858-60. PMID: 11481254 [PubMed - indexed for
MEDLINE]
<URL:http://www.fasebj.org/cgi/content/full/15/10/1858>

Koudinov AR, Koudinova NV. Cholesterol, synaptic function
and Alzheimer's disease. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2003 Sep;36
Suppl 2:S107-12. PMID: 14574623 [PubMed - indexed for
MEDLINE] <URL:http://www.thieme-connect.com/DOI/DOI?10.1055/s-
2003-43055>

Koudinov AR, Koudinova NV. BRAIN CHOLESTEROL PATHOLOGY IS
THE CAUSE OF ALZHEIMER’S DISEASE Clin Med Health Res (2001)
clinmed/2001100005 <URL:http://clinmed.netprints.org/cgi/co-
ntent/full/2001100005v1>

Koudinov A. A link between cholesterol, synapse plasticity,
degeneration and neurological disorders: reinvention or
integration? Bioessays. 2003 Jul;25(7):736-7; author reply
737. PMID: 12815729 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]tp://neurobiologyoflipids.org/content/2/1/neurolipids022003-
01.pdf>

Koudinov AR, Koudinova NV. AMYLOID BETA PROTEIN RESTORES
HIPPOCAMPAL LONG TERM POTENTIATION: A CENTRAL ROLE FOR
CHOLESTEROL? 32nd Society for Neuroscience Annual Meeting
Proceedings article Neurobiol Lipids 1, 8 (15 September
2003)tp://neurobiologyoflipids.org/content/1/8/neurolipids112002-
03.html>

Kirsch C, Eckert GP, Koudinov AR, Muller WE. Brain
cholesterol, statins and Alzheimer's Disease.
Pharmacopsychiatry. 2003 Sep;36 Suppl 2:S113-9. PMID:
14574624 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] <URL:http://www.ncb-
i.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt-
=Abstract&list_uids=14574624>

--
Matti Narkia

Mon, 17 May 2004 15:04:00 +0300 in article
<[email hidden]> Matti Narkia

Quoted message said:

Mon, 17 May 2004 14:29:46 +0300 in article
<[email hidden]> Matti Narkia

Quoted message said:

Sun, 16 May 2004 17:43:54 -0400 in article
<[email hidden]> "Dr. Andrew B. Chung,

MD/PhD said:

joe smigiel wrote:
>
> 1) What role does cholesterol play in the brain? I've
> read it is the most prevalent molecule present in
> the brain.

Cholesterol is used in the growing brain for myelination.
Once the brain is grown and fully myelinated, there is
probably very little need for additional cholesterol.

Brain needs cholesterol for proper functioning, see
for example

Mauch DH, Nagler K, Schumacher S, Goritz C, Muller EC,
Otto A, Pfrieger FW. CNS synaptogenesis promoted by glia-
derived cholesterol. Science. 2001 Nov 9;294(5545):1354-7.
PMID: 11701931 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] <URL:http:/-
/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=P-
ubMed&list_uids=11701931&dopt=Abstract>

Additional reading about this interesting topic:

Cholesterol enables nerve cells to connect - synapse
formation - Brief Article. Science News, Nov 17, 2001 by J.
Travis <URL:http://articles.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi-
_m1200/is_20_160/ai_80747802>

Still more reading:

1: Claudepierre T, Pfrieger FW. [New aspects of
cholesterol in the central nervous system] Med Sci
(Paris). 2003 May;19(5):601-5. Review. French. PMID:
12836394 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] <URL:http://ww-
w.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=p-
ubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12836394>

2: Pfrieger FW. Role of cholesterol in synapse formation
and function. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2003 Mar 10;1610(2):271-
80. Review. PMID: 12648780 [PubMed - indexed for
MEDLINE] <URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/quer-
y.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids-
=12648780>

3: Pfrieger FW. Outsourcing in the brain: do neurons
depend on cholesterol delivery by astrocytes?
Bioessays. 2003 Jan;25(1):72-8. PMID: 12508285 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE] <URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.go-
v/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstra-
ct&list_uids=12508285>

4: Goritz C, Mauch DH, Nagler K, Pfrieger FW. Role of glia-
derived cholesterol in synaptogenesis: new revelations
in the synapse-glia affair. J Physiol Paris. 2002 Apr-Jun;96(3-4):257-
63. Review. PMID: 12445904 [PubMed - indexed for
MEDLINE] <URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/quer-
y.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids-
=12445904>

5: Pfrieger FW. Role of glia in synapse development. Curr
Opin Neurobiol. 2002 Oct;12(5):486-90. Review. PMID:
12367626 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] <URL:http://pfr-
ieger.gmxhome.de/work/publications/pfrieger_2002.pdf>

6: Nagler K, Mauch DH, Pfrieger FW. Glia-derived signals
induce synapse formation in neurones of the rat central
nervous system. J Physiol. 2001 Jun 15;533(Pt 3):665-79.
PMID: 11410625 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] <URL:http-
://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&-
db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=11410625>

--
Matti Narkia

Mon, 17 May 2004 15:04:00 +0300 in article
<[email hidden]> Matti Narkia

Quoted message said:

Mon, 17 May 2004 14:29:46 +0300 in article
<[email hidden]> Matti Narkia

Quoted message said:

Sun, 16 May 2004 17:43:54 -0400 in article
<[email hidden]> "Dr. Andrew B. Chung,

MD/PhD said:

joe smigiel wrote:
>
> 1) What role does cholesterol play in the brain? I've
> read it is the most prevalent molecule present in
> the brain.

Cholesterol is used in the growing brain for myelination.
Once the brain is grown and fully myelinated, there is
probably very little need for additional cholesterol.

Brain needs cholesterol for proper functioning, see
for example

Mauch DH, Nagler K, Schumacher S, Goritz C, Muller EC,
Otto A, Pfrieger FW. CNS synaptogenesis promoted by glia-
derived cholesterol. Science. 2001 Nov 9;294(5545):1354-7.
PMID: 11701931 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] <URL:http:/-
/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=P-
ubMed&list_uids=11701931&dopt=Abstract>

Additional reading about this interesting topic:

Cholesterol enables nerve cells to connect - synapse
formation - Brief Article. Science News, Nov 17, 2001 by J.
Travis <URL:http://articles.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi-
_m1200/is_20_160/ai_80747802>

Still more reading:

1: Claudepierre T, Pfrieger FW. [New aspects of
cholesterol in the central nervous system] Med Sci
(Paris). 2003 May;19(5):601-5. Review. French. PMID:
12836394 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] <URL:http://ww-
w.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=p-
ubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12836394>

2: Pfrieger FW. Role of cholesterol in synapse formation
and function. Biochim Biophys Acta. 2003 Mar 10;1610(2):271-
80. Review. PMID: 12648780 [PubMed - indexed for
MEDLINE] <URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/quer-
y.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids-
=12648780>

3: Pfrieger FW. Outsourcing in the brain: do neurons
depend on cholesterol delivery by astrocytes?
Bioessays. 2003 Jan;25(1):72-8. PMID: 12508285 [PubMed
- indexed for MEDLINE] <URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.go-
v/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstra-
ct&list_uids=12508285>

4: Goritz C, Mauch DH, Nagler K, Pfrieger FW. Role of glia-
derived cholesterol in synaptogenesis: new revelations
in the synapse-glia affair. J Physiol Paris. 2002 Apr-Jun;96(3-4):257-
63. Review. PMID: 12445904 [PubMed - indexed for
MEDLINE] <URL:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/quer-
y.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids-
=12445904>

5: Pfrieger FW. Role of glia in synapse development. Curr
Opin Neurobiol. 2002 Oct;12(5):486-90. Review. PMID:
12367626 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] <URL:http://pfr-
ieger.gmxhome.de/work/publications/pfrieger_2002.pdf>

6: Nagler K, Mauch DH, Pfrieger FW. Glia-derived signals
induce synapse formation in neurones of the rat central
nervous system. J Physiol. 2001 Jun 15;533(Pt 3):665-79.
PMID: 11410625 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] <URL:http-
://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&-
db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=11410625>

--
Matti Narkia

Mon, 17 May 2004 15:51:25 +0300 in article
<[email hidden]> Matti Narkia

Quoted message said:

Quoted message said:

Still more reading:

1: Chou YC, Lin SB, Tsai LH, Tsai HI, Lin CM. Cholesterol
deficiency increases the vulnerability of hippocampal
glia in primary culture to glutamate-induced
excitotoxicity. Neurochem Int. 2003 Aug;43(3):197-209.
PMID: 12689600 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] <URL:http-
://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&-
db=pubmed&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12689600>

2: Roher AE, Weiss N, Kokjohn TA, Kuo YM, Kalback W,
Anthony J, Watson D, Luehrs DC, Sue L, Walker D,
Emmerling M, Goux W, Beach T. Increased A beta peptides
and reduced cholesterol and myelin proteins characterize
white matter degeneration in Alzheimer's disease.
Biochemistry. 2002 Sep 17;41(37):11080-90. PMID:
12220172 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] <URL:http://www-
.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=pub-
med&dopt=Abstract&list_uids=12220172>

--
Matti Narkia

Matti Narkia said:

Sun, 16 May 2004 17:43:54 -0400 in article
<[email hidden]> "Dr. Andrew B. Chung,

MD/PhD said:

joe smigiel said:

1) What role does cholesterol play in the brain? I've
read it is the most prevalent molecule present in
the brain.

Cholesterol is used in the growing brain for myelination.
Once the brain is grown and fully myelinated, there is
probably very little need for additional cholesterol.

Brain needs cholesterol for proper functioning, see
for example

Very little (even according to your examples). And what
little the brain does need, it can make on it's own and does
not seem to require that which is floating around in the
form of LDL (also even according to your examples).

Servant to the humblest person in the universe,

Andrew

--
Dr. Andrew B. Chung, MD/PhD
Board-Certified Cardiologist
heartmdphd.comheartmdphd.comOpen ↗

**
Who is the humblest person in the universe?
makeashorterlink.commakeashorterlink.comOpen ↗

What is all this about?
makeashorterlink.commakeashorterlink.comOpen ↗

Is this spam?
makeashorterlink.commakeashorterlink.comOpen ↗

Matti Narkia said:

Sun, 16 May 2004 17:43:54 -0400 in article
<[email hidden]> "Dr. Andrew B. Chung,

MD/PhD said:

joe smigiel said:

1) What role does cholesterol play in the brain? I've
read it is the most prevalent molecule present in
the brain.

Cholesterol is used in the growing brain for myelination.
Once the brain is grown and fully myelinated, there is
probably very little need for additional cholesterol.

Brain needs cholesterol for proper functioning, see
for example

Very little (even according to your examples). And what
little the brain does need, it can make on it's own and does
not seem to require that which is floating around in the
form of LDL (also even according to your examples).

Servant to the humblest person in the universe,

Andrew

--
Dr. Andrew B. Chung, MD/PhD
Board-Certified Cardiologist
heartmdphd.comheartmdphd.comOpen ↗

**
Who is the humblest person in the universe?
makeashorterlink.commakeashorterlink.comOpen ↗

What is all this about?
makeashorterlink.commakeashorterlink.comOpen ↗

Is this spam?
makeashorterlink.commakeashorterlink.comOpen ↗

fresh~horses said:

"Dr. Andrew B. Chung, MD/PhD" <[email hidden]>
wrote in message news:<[email hidden]>...

Quoted message said:

joe smigiel said:

1) What role does cholesterol play in the brain?
I've read it is the
most prevalent molecule present in the brain.

Andrew:

"Preclinical data support the hypothesis that cholesterol
reduction may contribute to the serotonergic abnormalities
that have been postulated in suicidal subjects. Recently,
it was hypothesised that a decreased consumption of
polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially omega-3 fatty
acids, may be a risk factor for depression and suicide.
Currently, we do not have sufficient evidence .... ."

I repeat: consider this.

Zee

Would suggest one waits for this to be advanced beyond the
hypothesis stage before considering it.

Servant to the humblest person in the universe,

Andrew

--
Dr. Andrew B. Chung, MD/PhD
Board-Certified Cardiologist
heartmdphd.comheartmdphd.comOpen ↗

**
Who is the humblest person in the universe?
makeashorterlink.commakeashorterlink.comOpen ↗

What is all this about?
makeashorterlink.commakeashorterlink.comOpen ↗

Is this spam?
makeashorterlink.commakeashorterlink.comOpen ↗

fresh~horses said:

"Dr. Andrew B. Chung, MD/PhD" <[email hidden]>
wrote in message news:<[email hidden]>...

Quoted message said:

joe smigiel said:

1) What role does cholesterol play in the brain?
I've read it is the
most prevalent molecule present in the brain.

Andrew:

"Preclinical data support the hypothesis that cholesterol
reduction may contribute to the serotonergic abnormalities
that have been postulated in suicidal subjects. Recently,
it was hypothesised that a decreased consumption of
polyunsaturated fatty acids, especially omega-3 fatty
acids, may be a risk factor for depression and suicide.
Currently, we do not have sufficient evidence .... ."

I repeat: consider this.

Zee

Would suggest one waits for this to be advanced beyond the
hypothesis stage before considering it.

Servant to the humblest person in the universe,

Andrew

--
Dr. Andrew B. Chung, MD/PhD
Board-Certified Cardiologist
heartmdphd.comheartmdphd.comOpen ↗

**
Who is the humblest person in the universe?
makeashorterlink.commakeashorterlink.comOpen ↗

What is all this about?
makeashorterlink.commakeashorterlink.comOpen ↗

Is this spam?
makeashorterlink.commakeashorterlink.comOpen ↗

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Matti Narkia said:

Mon, 17 May 2004 14:29:46 +0300 in article
<[email hidden]> Matti Narkia

Quoted message said:

Sun, 16 May 2004 17:43:54 -0400 in article
<[email hidden]> "Dr. Andrew B. Chung,

MD/PhD said:

joe smigiel wrote:
>
> 1) What role does cholesterol play in the brain? I've
> read it is the most prevalent molecule present in
> the brain.

Cholesterol is used in the growing brain for
myelination. Once the brain is grown and fully
myelinated, there is probably very little need for
additional cholesterol.

Brain needs cholesterol for proper functioning, see for
example

Mauch DH, Nagler K, Schumacher S, Goritz C, Muller EC,
Otto A, Pfrieger FW. CNS synaptogenesis promoted by glia-
derived cholesterol. Science. 2001 Nov 9;294(5545):1354-
7. PMID: 11701931 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] <URL:ht-
tp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve-
&db=PubMed&list_uids=11701931&dopt=Abstract>

Additional reading about this interesting topic:

Why are you replying to yourself?

Servant to the humblest person in the universe,

Andrew

--
Dr. Andrew B. Chung, MD/PhD
Board-Certified Cardiologist
heartmdphd.comheartmdphd.comOpen ↗

**
Who is the humblest person in the universe?
makeashorterlink.commakeashorterlink.comOpen ↗

What is all this about?
makeashorterlink.commakeashorterlink.comOpen ↗

Is this spam?
makeashorterlink.commakeashorterlink.comOpen ↗

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<html>
Matti Narkia wrote:
<blockquote TYPE=CITE>Mon, 17 May 2004 14:29:46 +0300 in article
<br><[email hidden]> Matti Narkia
<br><[email hidden]> wrote:
<p>>Sun, 16 May 2004 17:43:54 -0400 in article <[email hidden]>
<br>>"Dr. Andrew B. Chung, MD/PhD" <[email hidden]> wrote:
<br>>
<br>>>joe smigiel wrote:
<br>>>>
<br>>>> 1) What role does cholesterol play in the brain? I've
read it is the
<br>>>> most prevalent molecule present in the brain.
<br>>>
<br>>>Cholesterol is used in the growing brain for myelination. Once
the
<br>>>brain is grown and fully myelinated, there is probably very little
need
<br>>>for additional cholesterol.
<br>>>
<br>>Brain needs cholesterol for proper functioning, see for example
<br>>
<br>>Mauch DH, Nagler K, Schumacher S, Goritz C, Muller EC, Otto A, Pfrieger
<br>>FW.
<br>>CNS synaptogenesis promoted by glia-derived cholesterol.
<br>>Science. 2001 Nov 9;294(5545):1354-7.
<br>>PMID: 11701931 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<br>><URL:<a href="ncbi.nlm.nih.govquery.fcgiOpen ↗">ncbi.nlm.nih.govquery.fcgiOpen ↗</a>>
<br>>
<br>Additional reading about this interesting topic:
<br> </blockquote>
Why are you replying to yourself?
<br>
<p>Servant to the humblest person in the universe,
<p>Andrew
<p>--
<br>Dr. Andrew B. Chung, MD/PhD
<br>Board-Certified Cardiologist
<br><A HREF="heartmdphd.comheartmdphd.comOpen ↗">heartmdphd.comheartmdphd.comOpen ↗</A>
<p>**
<br>Who is the humblest person in the universe?
<br><A HREF="makeashorterlink.commakeashorterlink.comOpen ↗">makeashorterlink.commakeashorterlink.comOpen ↗</A>
<p>What is all this about?
<br><A HREF="makeashorterlink.commakeashorterlink.comOpen ↗">makeashorterlink.commakeashorterlink.comOpen ↗</A>
<p>Is this spam?
<br><A HREF="makeashorterlink.commakeashorterlink.comOpen ↗">makeashorterlink.commakeashorterlink.comOpen ↗</A>
<br> </html>

--------------A79A01A1388A22C5FBD19563--

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Matti Narkia said:

Mon, 17 May 2004 14:29:46 +0300 in article
<[email hidden]> Matti Narkia

Quoted message said:

Sun, 16 May 2004 17:43:54 -0400 in article
<[email hidden]> "Dr. Andrew B. Chung,

MD/PhD said:

joe smigiel wrote:
>
> 1) What role does cholesterol play in the brain? I've
> read it is the most prevalent molecule present in
> the brain.

Cholesterol is used in the growing brain for
myelination. Once the brain is grown and fully
myelinated, there is probably very little need for
additional cholesterol.

Brain needs cholesterol for proper functioning, see for
example

Mauch DH, Nagler K, Schumacher S, Goritz C, Muller EC,
Otto A, Pfrieger FW. CNS synaptogenesis promoted by glia-
derived cholesterol. Science. 2001 Nov 9;294(5545):1354-
7. PMID: 11701931 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] <URL:ht-
tp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve-
&db=PubMed&list_uids=11701931&dopt=Abstract>

Additional reading about this interesting topic:

Why are you replying to yourself?

Servant to the humblest person in the universe,

Andrew

--
Dr. Andrew B. Chung, MD/PhD
Board-Certified Cardiologist
heartmdphd.comheartmdphd.comOpen ↗

**
Who is the humblest person in the universe?
makeashorterlink.commakeashorterlink.comOpen ↗

What is all this about?
makeashorterlink.commakeashorterlink.comOpen ↗

Is this spam?
makeashorterlink.commakeashorterlink.comOpen ↗

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<!doctype html public "-//w3c//dtd html 4.0 transitional//en">
<html>
Matti Narkia wrote:
<blockquote TYPE=CITE>Mon, 17 May 2004 14:29:46 +0300 in article
<br><[email hidden]> Matti Narkia
<br><[email hidden]> wrote:
<p>>Sun, 16 May 2004 17:43:54 -0400 in article <[email hidden]>
<br>>"Dr. Andrew B. Chung, MD/PhD" <[email hidden]> wrote:
<br>>
<br>>>joe smigiel wrote:
<br>>>>
<br>>>> 1) What role does cholesterol play in the brain? I've
read it is the
<br>>>> most prevalent molecule present in the brain.
<br>>>
<br>>>Cholesterol is used in the growing brain for myelination. Once
the
<br>>>brain is grown and fully myelinated, there is probably very little
need
<br>>>for additional cholesterol.
<br>>>
<br>>Brain needs cholesterol for proper functioning, see for example
<br>>
<br>>Mauch DH, Nagler K, Schumacher S, Goritz C, Muller EC, Otto A, Pfrieger
<br>>FW.
<br>>CNS synaptogenesis promoted by glia-derived cholesterol.
<br>>Science. 2001 Nov 9;294(5545):1354-7.
<br>>PMID: 11701931 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<br>><URL:<a href="ncbi.nlm.nih.govquery.fcgiOpen ↗">ncbi.nlm.nih.govquery.fcgiOpen ↗</a>>
<br>>
<br>Additional reading about this interesting topic:
<br> </blockquote>
Why are you replying to yourself?
<br>
<p>Servant to the humblest person in the universe,
<p>Andrew
<p>--
<br>Dr. Andrew B. Chung, MD/PhD
<br>Board-Certified Cardiologist
<br><A HREF="heartmdphd.comheartmdphd.comOpen ↗">heartmdphd.comheartmdphd.comOpen ↗</A>
<p>**
<br>Who is the humblest person in the universe?
<br><A HREF="makeashorterlink.commakeashorterlink.comOpen ↗">makeashorterlink.commakeashorterlink.comOpen ↗</A>
<p>What is all this about?
<br><A HREF="makeashorterlink.commakeashorterlink.comOpen ↗">makeashorterlink.commakeashorterlink.comOpen ↗</A>
<p>Is this spam?
<br><A HREF="makeashorterlink.commakeashorterlink.comOpen ↗">makeashorterlink.commakeashorterlink.comOpen ↗</A>
<br> </html>

--------------A79A01A1388A22C5FBD19563--

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Matti Narkia said:

Mon, 17 May 2004 15:04:00 +0300 in article
<[email hidden]> Matti Narkia

Quoted message said:

Mon, 17 May 2004 14:29:46 +0300 in article
<[email hidden]> Matti Narkia

Quoted message said:

Sun, 16 May 2004 17:43:54 -0400 in article
<[email hidden]> "Dr. Andrew B. Chung,
MD/PhD" <[email hidden]> wrote:

>joe smigiel wrote:
>>
>> 1) What role does cholesterol play in the brain?
>> I've read it is the most prevalent molecule
>> present in the brain.
>
>Cholesterol is used in the growing brain for
>myelination. Once the brain is grown and fully
>myelinated, there is probably very little need for
>additional cholesterol.
>
Brain needs cholesterol for proper functioning, see for
example

Mauch DH, Nagler K, Schumacher S, Goritz C, Muller EC,
Otto A, Pfrieger FW. CNS synaptogenesis promoted by glia-
derived cholesterol. Science. 2001 Nov 9;294(5545):1354-
7. PMID: 11701931 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] <URL:h-
ttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrie-
ve&db=PubMed&list_uids=11701931&dopt=Abstract>

Additional reading about this interesting topic:

Cholesterol enables nerve cells to connect - synapse
formation - Brief Article. Science News, Nov 17, 2001 by
J. Travis <URL:http://articles.findarticles.com/p/articl-
es/mi_m1200/is_20_160/ai_80747802>

Still more reading:

Still responding to yourself.

Perhaps, next time you should take the time to gather
everything together for one post.

Servant to the humblest person in the universe,

Andrew

--
Dr. Andrew B. Chung, MD/PhD
Board-Certified Cardiologist
heartmdphd.comheartmdphd.comOpen ↗

**
Who is the humblest person in the universe?
makeashorterlink.commakeashorterlink.comOpen ↗

What is all this about?
makeashorterlink.commakeashorterlink.comOpen ↗

Is this spam?
makeashorterlink.commakeashorterlink.comOpen ↗

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<html>
Matti Narkia wrote:
<blockquote TYPE=CITE>Mon, 17 May 2004 15:04:00 +0300 in article
<br><[email hidden]> Matti Narkia
<br><[email hidden]> wrote:
<p>>Mon, 17 May 2004 14:29:46 +0300 in article
<br>><[email hidden]> Matti Narkia
<br>><[email hidden]> wrote:
<br>>
<br>>>Sun, 16 May 2004 17:43:54 -0400 in article <[email hidden]>
<br>>>"Dr. Andrew B. Chung, MD/PhD" <[email hidden]> wrote:
<br>>>
<br>>>>joe smigiel wrote:
<br>>>>>
<br>>>>> 1) What role does cholesterol play in the brain? I've
read it is the
<br>>>>> most prevalent molecule present in the brain.
<br>>>>
<br>>>>Cholesterol is used in the growing brain for myelination.
Once the
<br>>>>brain is grown and fully myelinated, there is probably very little
need
<br>>>>for additional cholesterol.
<br>>>>
<br>>>Brain needs cholesterol for proper functioning, see for example
<br>>>
<br>>>Mauch DH, Nagler K, Schumacher S, Goritz C, Muller EC, Otto A, Pfrieger
<br>>>FW.
<br>>>CNS synaptogenesis promoted by glia-derived cholesterol.
<br>>>Science. 2001 Nov 9;294(5545):1354-7.
<br>>>PMID: 11701931 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
<br>>><URL:<a href="ncbi.nlm.nih.govquery.fcgiOpen ↗">ncbi.nlm.nih.govquery.fcgiOpen ↗</a>>
<br>>>
<br>>Additional reading about this interesting topic:
<br>>
<br>>Cholesterol enables nerve cells to connect - synapse formation - Brief
<br>>Article.
<br>>Science News, Nov 17, 2001 by J. Travis
<br>><URL:<a href="articles.findarticles.comai 80747802Open ↗">articles.findarticles.comai 80747802Open ↗</a>>
<br>>
<br>Still more reading:</blockquote>
Still responding to yourself.
<p>Perhaps, next time you should take the time to gather everything together
for one post.
<br>
<p>Servant to the humblest person in the universe,
<p>Andrew
<p>--
<br>Dr. Andrew B. Chung, MD/PhD
<br>Board-Certified Cardiologist
<br><A HREF="heartmdphd.comheartmdphd.comOpen ↗">heartmdphd.comheartmdphd.comOpen ↗</A>
<p>**
<br>Who is the humblest person in the universe?
<br><A HREF="makeashorterlink.commakeashorterlink.comOpen ↗">makeashorterlink.commakeashorterlink.comOpen ↗</A>
<p>What is all this about?
<br><A HREF="makeashorterlink.commakeashorterlink.comOpen ↗">makeashorterlink.commakeashorterlink.comOpen ↗</A>
<p>Is this spam?
<br><A HREF="makeashorterlink.commakeashorterlink.comOpen ↗">makeashorterlink.commakeashorterlink.comOpen ↗</A>
<br> </html>

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