All the above is true, and add in a couple more factors:
1) cyclist are also sitting the draft saving about 20-30% soft pedaling, dont get me wrong, when they go hard they go hard
2) THE BIGGEST REASON, if anyone watched the real time SRM telementary on some of the riders that was streamed over the internet, these guys in the pack were riding 27-30mph at 50-65,70% of their MAX for almost the whole day, the front guys that would chase were at about 85% of max and when they came to a climb the tempo pace was 300-400watts & about 85% of MAX until they got within a few Ks from the top & attacked. The finishing Ks for the sprint, the lead out guys were at 90-95%. So the bottom line is they built their bodies to put out a huge amount of power at a certain % of their MAX, if we could do our 2,3,4 hour races only at 65-75% of our MAX we should be able to race day in and day out also, since we didnt go anaerobic.
Running you cant just run at 65% when the front guys are at 85% because theres no draft to pull you along, you will loose ground that probably wont be able make up.
Notice I said they go up climbs at about 85%, not like our races where the pack hammers up the begining of the hill & goes anaerobic 1/2-3/4 the way
up & then the speed slows.
3) These guys also time trial about 30mph (400watts +/-) AT THRESHOLD :eek: just think what they are doing when sitting in the pack at 30mph 🙄
They were also showing on TV the HRs & % that they were at of some of the riders.