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Strength Training for Sprint Performance

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Power meters
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3 October 2012
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numminummi
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  1. Hi!

    I just made it on a team for next season, mostly because of my sprint performance this year. My role is going to be either as a lead out for this seasons sprinter or if I prove to be stronger I might be chosen as the primary sprinter. Obviously I don’t want to disappoint and also have a slight hope of proving myself as the stronger sprinter.

    This season I haven’t been working much on my sprint as my weaknesses (FTP) was really the limiting factor in the races. Over this winter the new sports director expect that I work hard on my sprint, which leads to my question:

    General consensus on this forum is that endurance/FTP don’t benefit much, if at all, from strength training. But would strength training or any other off bike drills help improving the final sprint of a race?

    The target events are road races between 150-200 km around 250-300 TSS. As a note I will of course be doing on the bike sprint training.

  2. Congrats on making the team and now considering how to advance. I hope that someone like Alex can help on this question, but I would like to throw in a small bit of something to consider when thinking through all of this. Certainly this is probably something you already know, but sometimes it is good to just go over it again as we think about how to approach this topic.

    For me coming from a strength background and still training along those lines I have some observations as we look at strength and power. I kind of went into some rambling about it here cyclingforums.comstrength training during cycling season thoughts. Through the years of training every model that I have seen that is successful leans heavily on specificity. When training / recovery time is limited one then begins to think about creating the most efficient plan and as a result of trimming off the fat of various methods one then gets down to specific movements. But if time is not limited and recovery is not impacted then one can look at things that may indeed help from a different angle. Then one needs to really study if it really will transfer to success.

    If you think about everything in the toolbox of training you have so much in that box that you begin to sift through stacking one thing in the non-useful pile and pick out maybe a couple of things to consider and then study if it is useful.

    So how would I approach it if I were looking into the box of training methods and picking out some things to consider? I would go about it looking at the Force Velocity Curve aspect and then determine what do I need strength or power. So is maximum strength what you need?

    Look at the terms of strength of a Powerlifter's deadlift compared to an Olympic Lifter's strength in a similar movement doing power cleans. The amount of weight used by a Powerlifter for a 1 rep max. lift usually is a very slow and controlled movement (Force is high, Velocity is low) because that person is at the limit of maximum force. An Olympic lifter will use a higher velocity as if throwing the weight. Being that I was in a gym that had such a variety of world class strength athletes and got to witness and personally experience this (except I did not do olympic lifting) the olympic lifters form of technique was vastly different in that of a powerlifter even though both were attempting a 1 rep max. lift.

    The Mauy Thai kickboxer that used me for a live target only trained in fighting. As mentioned on the other thread I never saw him nor did I ever hear him speak of other forms of training. Not push ups or anything. His conditioning was at the top because when he sparred that alone emulated perfectly have the conditioning to fight all out for about 5 minutes before needing rest. His kick was powerful because he trained the technique of kicking properly with a rotation of his hips and pivoting his foot at such quickness (velocity) that he could break your ribs easily or hit a nerve in your leg that would disable you with in a fraction of a second. For improving that kick was many hours of improving the technique and the speed over and over again. The specific movement is what made him successful. Strength training could not emulate this. My lifting did not help and in fact it actually was extra hard for me to improve my kick because I spent so much time training like a powerlifter using a lot of force and low velocity. My body was well trained to go heavy with a very controlled slow motion in squats, deadlifts and bench.

    So one may benefit at looking at the Force Velocity Curve when picking out things that are not actually activity specific and also consider sustainability. A powerlifter and Olympic lifter only has to walk up to a bar and do 1 rep. A kickboxer benefits by having repeatable power in their punch and kick throughout the duration. An endurance cyclist a greater amount of sustainable power. A track sprinter maybe less sustainable power duration with a greater amount of force than the endurance cyclist.

    You are doing specifics as you mentioned. Can I think of anything in my bag of tricks that may hit the force velocity issue? Well it hurts that I don't know much about track sprinting so I am not sure, but if I were to make a guess outside of the specific training it may be movements like high jumps, weighted step ups on a medium high bench, running stadium stairs, single leg leg press with about 50% maximum and some movements like that all with velocity in mind. You've got to watch some of these movements though to prevent injury because with bad form in velocity has a higher risk. I don't call those things strength training though, but others might. I may be totally off about what I am telling you. I am not at the level of a lot of trainers, but I have been doing this for a while and have worked with a variety of athletes in the strength training aspect. I am more apt to call this fitness training than strength training. My definition of strength training is improving 1 rep max regardless of the mix of force velocity. Whatever it takes to get that bar movement completed in 1 rep, be it some sloppy fast jerk motion or slow methodical movement.

    I watched a young girl at the gym this morning doing high jumps and she let me take some photos. This type of movement takes a good mix of velocity and force to make it. She had the platform at a height that was about at her maximum for the jump and yet was repeatable. She did about 5 in a row with a brief rest between sets. At near maximum height you will not be able to stop the momentum and will probably need to go off the front. If you can stop the momentum you may not have the platform high enough.

    [IMG]cyclingforums.com700[/IMG]
    Near maximum height

    [IMG]cyclingforums.com700[/IMG]
    Touch the top of the platform

    [IMG]cyclingforums.com700[/IMG]
    Momentum will take you off the front

    Anyway I probably did not tell you anything new, but maybe it will prompt you to think about different angles of how to approach as you look at different avenues.

  3. As usual a very thoughtful response on the distiction between strength and power from Felt, a guy who knows what he is talking about when it comes to weights.

    My own two cents is that unless one is doing sprint events in the Velodrome requiring explosive power from a near stop, or are a pursuit rider who is starting from a standstill, weight training is generally overrated when it comes to competitive road cycling. Time spent would likely be better allocated to "on the bike" sprinting drills focusing on leg speed and gearing efficiency.

  4. +1 on danfoz reply. In fact, I would even question the value of weight training for the standing start requirement. Basically, cycling doesn't require strength.

  5. Basicly agree with what others here say but I could consider (not advice/prescribe/recommend but literally consider) strength or rather power training in case that you are restricted to do descent sprint workouts over the winter (eg. the only training available is either on trainer or outdoors on snow, neither which I would consider very good or safe for sprint training). That would consist of olympic lifts (not full but the power part) and other explosive movements with weights plus plyometrics. It might help you maintain at least part of your sprint over the winter. If you haven't been specifically training for sprint might even improve a bit.

    The obvious drawback is the extra recovery time required which is away from your other training so could easily be that the end result as a whole is not that good, why I highlighted carefully considering, not recommending.

    Coming from cycling which is a nul impact and very low force sport body is very badly prepared for explosive lifts and plyos. So if you decide go to with, seek for a knowledgeable advisor/trainer and start very, very conservatively. Learn perfect form and take every preparatory step. I cannot emphasize this too much.

  6. Regardless of what training you use to increase sprint performance, it might not be beneficial to train it outside of the 8-12 week window before the event. I asked a related question in this thread:

    http://www.cyclingforums.com/t/491551/time-course-of-anaerobic-adaptations

    This is the most relevant quote (by Frost):

    "NMP [neuromuscular power] peak in 8-12 weeks is relates to activating the N-part. At weight room you may gain more strenght by adding muscle mass. Still what you can gain with larger muscle mass on saddle is limited because it doesn't translate quicker muscle contraction that is the thing in NMP."

    After getting feedback in that thread I stopped doing on-bike sprints, plyo, and power cleans for the purpose of increasing my sprint power during the off-season CAVEAT: I still do power cleans weekly because they are fun and challenging.

    Frost, your post above appears to contradict your statement I quoted. Did I perhaps misunderstand you?

  7. Quoted post said:

    Originally Posted by numminummi [IMG]/img/forum/go_quote.gif[/IMG]

    Hi!

    I just made it on a team for next season, mostly because of my sprint performance this year. My role is going to be either as a lead out for this seasons sprinter or if I prove to be stronger I might be chosen as the primary sprinter. Obviously I don’t want to disappoint and also have a slight hope of proving myself as the stronger sprinter.

    This season I haven’t been working much on my sprint as my weaknesses (FTP) was really the limiting factor in the races. Over this winter the new sports director expect that I work hard on my sprint, which leads to my question:

    General consensus on this forum is that endurance/FTP don’t benefit much, if at all, from strength training. But would strength training or any other off bike drills help improving the final sprint of a race?

    The target events are road races between 150-200 km around 250-300 TSS. As a note I will of course be doing on the bike sprint training.


    There is quite a difference between these two roles, and that needs to be well understood.

    As a lead out man, you are to focus more on pilot fish skills and being able to "go long" *. That's not always compatible with the role of the finisher. That doesn't mean that no sprints will fall your way, but really you have a different purpose in life.

    If you want to be the best finisher, then you'll need a different mind set, and be very clear in that objective. You need to be the best, and to be able to stamp your authority when it matters. That requires tremendous confidence and help from others. If a team has split loyalties, it will be eaten alive.

    * keep in mind that the training best suited for this is even further from the gym than what you might consider useful for development of pure neuromuscular power. Physically, as well as tactically, strategically and skill wise.

  8. Quoted post said:

    Originally Posted by gudujarlson [IMG]/img/forum/go_quote.gif[/IMG]

    Regardless of what training you use to increase sprint performance, it might not be beneficial to train it outside of the 8-12 week window before the event. I asked a related question in this thread:

    http://www.cyclingforums.com/t/491551/time-course-of-anaerobic-adaptations

    This is the most relevant quote (by Frost):

    "NMP [neuromuscular power] peak in 8-12 weeks is relates to activating the N-part. At weight room you may gain more strenght by adding muscle mass. Still what you can gain with larger muscle mass on saddle is limited because it doesn't translate quicker muscle contraction that is the thing in NMP."

    After getting feedback in that thread I stopped doing on-bike sprints, plyo, and power cleans for the purpose of increasing my sprint power during the off-season CAVEAT: I still do power cleans weekly because they are fun and challenging.

    Frost, your post above appears to contradict your statement I quoted. Did I perhaps misunderstand you?


    Peaking doesn't necessarily mean complete halt just that the improving is very very slow. So if you are a starting racer then the time is (in my opinion) best used by putting most of the effort to improve the aerobic machine that enables you to get to the point where the sprint counts in the first place (as OP says he's been so far focusing on FTP). But if you already find yourself fighting sprints and have recognized that it is especially the sprint that is your strength then the strategy would be (again in my opinion) to try to further develop that even with only small gains available.

  9. Quoted post said:

    Originally Posted by Alex Simmons [IMG]/img/forum/go_quote.gif[/IMG]

    There is quite a difference between these two roles, and that needs to be well understood.

    As a lead out man, you are to focus more on pilot fish skills and being able to "go long" *. That's not always compatible with the role of the finisher. That doesn't mean that no sprints will fall your way, but really you have a different purpose in life.

    If you want to be the best finisher, then you'll need a different mind set, and be very clear in that objective. You need to be the best, and to be able to stamp your authority when it matters. That requires tremendous confidence and help from others. If a team has split loyalties, it will be eaten alive.

    * keep in mind that the training best suited for this is even further from the gym than what you might consider useful for development of pure neuromuscular power. Physically, as well as tactically, strategically and skill wise.


    You are absolutely right that the lead out is very different from the finishing sprint. Training that will be part of my program. Sometimes during the season the team will be split up, and I will be the primary sprinter. I really want to make sure to put up a decent sprint in those instances 🙂

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