On Thu, 14 Jul 2005 23:37:22 +0200, veggiegirl wrote in
<news:[email hidden]> on sci.med.nutrition :
Quoted message said:Enrico C said:On Tue, 12 Jul 2005 00:20:34 +0200, veggiegirl wrote in
<news:[email hidden]> on sci.med.nutrition :
Quoted message said:That's what I thought, but I am getting confused after reading so many
pufa = dangerous stories, I guess.
Do you get more than 10 percent of you daily calories from PUFAs?
Not in general, I think. However, on some days when I eat more
sunflower, sesame and pumpkin seeds I think I do get that. Is
that a problem?
I gather the upper limit for PUFAs is still controversial.
The International Society for the Study of Fatty Acids and Lipids (Issfal),
in its latest recommendations, could not arrive to a conclusion!
http://www.issfal.org.uk/PUFA%20intakes.htm
There are, anyway, recommendations about the desirable n6:n3 ratio, and on
a healthy intake of specific n3 PUFAs (ALA, EPA and DHA),
from Issfal
http://www.issfal.org.uk/PUFA%20intakes.htm
and from national health bodies
http://www.issfal.org.uk/Global%20Recommendations.htm
Italian guide lines (LARN), by the way, recommend 2% n6 and 0,5% n3 PUFAs
for adults, with a "usual intake" upper limit of 15% for n3+n6 and 5% for
n3 PUFAs alone.
http://www.sinu.it/larn/lipidi.asp (in Italian)
Besides, according to the Eritsland 2000 study, an upper limit of 10%
energy for n-6 PUFAs should be safe, especially when it comes with adequate
antioxidant protecion ((especially vitamin E), but a daily intake of PUFAs
greater than 10% of total energy is not recommended.
http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/71/1/197S?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=1&author1=Eritsland&andorexacttitle=and&andorexacttitleabs=and&andorexactfulltext=and&searchid=1121094084861_5945&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&journalcode=ajcn
=====================================================
http://www.issfal.org.uk/PUFA%20intakes.htm
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR INTAKE OF POLYUNSATURATED FATTY ACIDS IN HEALTHY ADULTS
(Revised in accordance with the recommended changes agreed by the ISSFAL
Board at ISSFAL 2004, June 28, 2004)
[...]
A. Specific recommendations about the intake of polyunsaturates (PUFA):
1. An adequate linoleic acid (LA) intake : 2 energy %
2. A healthy intake of a-linolenic acid (ALA): 0.7 energy %
3. For cardiovascular health, a minimum intake of eicosapentaenoic
acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) combined, of: 500 mg/d.
B. A recognition that there may be a healthy upper limit to the
intake of LA
[...]
The current dietary intake of LA in most populations is higher than the 2
energy % that is adequate for health. Questions recently have been raised
about the possible unhealthy effects of high intake of w6 PUFA. Because of
this concern, there is a need to indicate not only what dietary LA intake
is adequate, but also how much can be consumed without undue risk to
health. No conclusive scientific evidence regarding the issue of a safe
upper limit for w6 PUFA is presently available.
[...]
This committee recognises that some national bodies have already taken a
stand and recommended a healthy upper limit for LA intake. At present, this
committee could not reach consensus and has no recommendation to make on
this question.
=====================================================
http://www.issfal.org.uk/Global%20Recommendations.htm
Other International recommendations on dietary polyunsaturate intake
=====================================================
http://www.ajcn.org/cgi/content/full/71/1/197S?maxtoshow=&HITS=10&hits=10&RESULTFORMAT=1&author1=Eritsland&andorexacttitle=and&andorexacttitleabs=and&andorexactfulltext=and&searchid=1121094084861_5945&stored_search=&FIRSTINDEX=0&sortspec=relevance&journalcode=ajcn
American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Vol. 71, No. 1, 197S-201S, January
2000
© 2000 American Society for Clinical Nutrition
Supplements
Safety considerations of polyunsaturated fatty acids1,2
Jan Eritsland
ABSTRACT
The n–6 and n–3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are essential
nutrients; intake of relatively small amounts of these fatty acids prevents
nutritional deficiencies. Replacing dietary saturated fat with PUFAs may
confer health gains. Experimental data support the notion that high intake
of n–6 PUFAs may increase in vivo lipid peroxidation. This effect may be
counteracted by dietary antioxidant supplementation. The influence of a
high n–3 PUFA intake on measures of lipid peroxidation has been equivocal.
In clinical trials, subjects who consumed diets rich in n–6 or n–3 PUFAs
had fewer atherothrombotic endpoints than did control groups. In this
report, data regarding the influence of PUFAs on lipid peroxidation as well
as on cholesterol and glucose metabolism, hemostasis, and other aspects of
interest are reviewed and discussed. Currently, daily intake of PUFAs as
Quoted message said:10% of total energy is not recommended. Below this ceiling there is little
evidence that high dietary intake of n–6 or n–3 PUFAs implies health risks.
[...]
CONCLUSION
Evidence suggests that dietary PUFAs, when substituted for saturated fatty
acids, will confer net health gains, most notably in cardiovascular
disease. An upper limit of 10% of energy for n–6 PUFAs is presently
recommended by experts, but a palatable and practicable diet will usually
not exceed this limit. It also seems wise to ensure a high dietary intake
of antioxidants. The risk of adverse effects of dietary PUFAs, whether on
cholesterol or glucose metabolism or hemostatic function (except for large
doses of n–3 PUFAs), seems small.
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