"The absorption of B12 deteriorates after 50 years and many older
people are deficient because they do not absorb enough B12 from
the diet. There is clearly a need for B12 supplementation in
older people."
That reduction of absorption is well documented, but I have only
seen reductions by a factor of 2 or 3, not stopped. Just one 200g
can of clams a month gives you 3x the RDA of B12!
"The RDAs for vitamin D are far from being optimal."
I submit that there is a great deal of disagreement, and very
little hard data, on 'optimal' as opposed to 'sufficient' levels
here. 5 ug/day is considered sufficient by virtually all
authorities (and that includes a factor of two to cover 98% of
the populace). The increase to 10 at age 50 and 15 at 70+ is very
recent, based I believe solely upon bone breakage by nursing home
residents, and is clearly intended to be a first attempt at
optimal rather than merely sufficient. I read a lot of
concerns that the fracture levels recorded depend as much upon
calcium/phosphorus levels as upon Vitamin D.