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Oxidation / small dense LDL

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General fitness, health and nutrition
Published
9 June 2005
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13 June 2005
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  1. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2005 Jun 2;15(11):2781-2785. Related Articles,
    Links

    Decrease in the particle size of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by
    oxidation.

    Hidaka A, Inoue K, Kutsukake S, Adachi M, Kakuta Y, Kojo S.

    Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Nara Women's University,
    Kita-Uoya, Nara 630-8506, Japan.

    A radical reaction of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) causes
    fragmentation and cross-link of apolipoprotein B-100 (apoB). LDL
    (50mug/ml) was subjected to the well-studied oxidation with Cu(2+)
    (1.67muM). The concentration of alpha-tocopherol decreased to 10% of
    the initial level during the first 30min. After this lag time, the
    conjugated diene content, as measured by absorption at 234nm, started
    increasing and the residual apoB at 512kDa determined by immunoblot
    after SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamide gel
    electrophoresis) was also decreased. The particle size of LDL
    determined by nondenaturing gradient gel electrophoresis decreased
    steadily during the initial 120min, when residual native apoB was only
    30% of the initial level. Plasma was also oxidized with Cu(2+)
    (400muM). Under this condition, a clear lag time was not observed and
    alpha-tocopherol content, apoB, and the LDL particle size were
    decreased simultaneously. Based on these experiments, we propose that
    an oxidation reaction is involved in the formation of small dense LDL.

    PMID: 15911255 [PubMed - as supplied by publisher]

    --------------------------------------------------------------------------------

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  2. "montygram" <[email hidden]> schrieb im Newsbeitrag
    news:[email hidden]...

    Quoted message said:

    I made this point on this NG more than a year ago, because one guy was
    saying that only small LDL was a problem, but I made the point that the
    free radical reactions were causing there to be more of this form.
    It's amazing how these "researchers" keep discovering the same things
    and claiming that it's something new. They don't seem to read the
    literature that they like to claim they are experts in.

    you don't seem to understand the difference between: thinking it so and
    _prooving_ it is so.

  3. montygram said:

    I made this point on this NG more than a year ago,

    What point? What are you referring to? Try quoting what you're
    commenting on.

    Quoted message said:

    because one guy was
    saying that only small LDL was a problem, but I made the point that the
    free radical reactions were causing there to be more of this form.

    So you're actually agreeing with him. I couldn't find the post you're
    referring to, but given the various names you've had and your tendency
    to break threads and start new ones just to reply, it's perhaps not
    surprising. This thread seems pertinent though:

    http://groups-beta.google.com/group/sci.med.nutrition/browse_frm/thread/3e781dfb998cc67c/5e9b11766fa1a745?q=nick+small+LDL&rnum=3&hl=en#5e9b11766fa1a745

    Quoted message said:

    It's amazing how these "researchers" keep discovering the same things
    and claiming that it's something new. They don't seem to read the
    literature that they like to claim they are experts in.

    At least they research things directly, rather than picking and
    choosing other people's work to fit their own viewpoint. You're always
    going on about scientific method, yet don't seem to realise that most
    scientific "truth" is the result of incremental increases in supporting
    evidence rather than one big idea.

    MattLB

  4. Yes, the theory of relativity is a "little thing."

    All the evidence points to free radical damage, in one form or another,
    being the root cause of "chronic disease." If I didn't see the
    evidence for myself, I would not have believed it. Perhaps you should
    remove your head from you hind quarters and take a look for yourself.

  5. Yes, the theory of relativity is a "little thing."

    All the evidence points to free radical damage, in one form or another,
    being the root cause of "chronic disease." If I didn't see the
    evidence for myself, I would not have believed it. Perhaps you should
    remove your head from you hind quarters and take a look for yourself.

  6. I didn't do the experiment, but it has been done. Instead of
    auditioning for a role on the Sopranos, perhaps you should actually do
    some research. I will involve typing in www.pubmed.com and then a few
    more words, and then hitting the enter key, but I've got a lot of
    confidence it you. Just keep saying to yourself, "I think I can, I
    think I can..."

  7. Took me about a minute to find this one:

    Ann Med. 2002;34(1):48-54.

    Susceptibility of LDL to oxidation in vitro and antioxidant capacity in
    familial combined hyperlipidemia: comparison of patients with different
    lipid phenotypes.

    Liu ML, Ylitalo K, Vakkilainen J, Nuotio I, Valkonen M, Lahdenpera S,
    Viikari J, Taskinen MR.

    Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland.

    BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence that oxidation of low-density
    lipoprotein (LDL) plays an important role in atherogenesis. AIM: To
    explore the LDL oxidizability and its determinants in familial combined
    hyperlipidemia (FCHL) patients with different phenotypes. METHOD: The
    study included 59 FCHL family members with different lipid phenotypes,
    39 non-affected relatives, and 30 spouses as healthy controls. RESULTS:
    The lag time for LDL oxidation was significantly shorter in FCHL
    patients with different lipid phenotypes as compared to healthy
    controls. There were no significant differences in the propagation rate
    and conjugated diene formation and alpha-tocopherol content in LDL
    between the FCHL groups and healthy controls. Plasma concentrations of
    alpha-tocopherol in all FCHL patients and uric acid in FCHL patients
    with IIB and IV phenotypes were significantly higher than in healthy
    controls. Plasma total peroxyl radical trapping capacity measured
    (TRAPmea) and TRAPcalc tended to be higher in affected FCHL groups, but
    the difference was significant only for IIB phenotype. The peak LDL
    particle size in the combined group of FCHL patients was significantly
    smaller than in healthy controls. The lag time for LDL oxidation
    correlated significantly with LDL size both in the group of FCHL family
    members (r = 0.477, P<0.001) and in the healthy controls (r = 0.482,
    P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: LDL from FCHL patients irrespectively of lipid
    phenotypes is more susceptible to oxidation in vitro than LDL from
    healthy controls. This increased susceptibility of LDL to oxidation in
    vitro seems to be attributed to the abundance of small dense LDL
    particles and not to the defect of antioxidant capacity in FCHL.

    It doesn't matter whether you are "genetically predisposed" to small
    LDL, so long as you stay away from unsaturated fatty acids, except in
    trace amounts, such as that found in coconut oil.

  8. montygram said:

    Took me about a minute to find this one:

    Ann Med. 2002;34(1):48-54.

    Susceptibility of LDL to oxidation in vitro and antioxidant capacity in
    familial combined hyperlipidemia: comparison of patients with different
    lipid phenotypes.

    Liu ML, Ylitalo K, Vakkilainen J, Nuotio I, Valkonen M, Lahdenpera S,
    Viikari J, Taskinen MR.

    Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland.

    BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence that oxidation of low-density
    lipoprotein (LDL) plays an important role in atherogenesis. AIM: To
    explore the LDL oxidizability and its determinants in familial combined
    hyperlipidemia (FCHL) patients with different phenotypes. METHOD: The
    study included 59 FCHL family members with different lipid phenotypes,
    39 non-affected relatives, and 30 spouses as healthy controls. RESULTS:
    The lag time for LDL oxidation was significantly shorter in FCHL
    patients with different lipid phenotypes as compared to healthy
    controls. There were no significant differences in the propagation rate
    and conjugated diene formation and alpha-tocopherol content in LDL
    between the FCHL groups and healthy controls. Plasma concentrations of
    alpha-tocopherol in all FCHL patients and uric acid in FCHL patients
    with IIB and IV phenotypes were significantly higher than in healthy
    controls. Plasma total peroxyl radical trapping capacity measured
    (TRAPmea) and TRAPcalc tended to be higher in affected FCHL groups, but
    the difference was significant only for IIB phenotype. The peak LDL
    particle size in the combined group of FCHL patients was significantly
    smaller than in healthy controls. The lag time for LDL oxidation
    correlated significantly with LDL size both in the group of FCHL family
    members (r = 0.477, P<0.001) and in the healthy controls (r = 0.482,
    P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: LDL from FCHL patients irrespectively of lipid
    phenotypes is more susceptible to oxidation in vitro than LDL from
    healthy controls. This increased susceptibility of LDL to oxidation in
    vitro seems to be attributed to the abundance of small dense LDL
    particles and not to the defect of antioxidant capacity in FCHL.

    It doesn't matter whether you are "genetically predisposed" to small
    LDL, so long as you stay away from unsaturated fatty acids, except in
    trace amounts, such as that found in coconut oil.

    I'm sorry, I'm having trouble understanding your meaning. Let me
    try to rephrase:
    Independent of genetics, as long as you keep below some level of UFA,
    WHAT?

    Something good will result?

    There's nothing in the thread about UFA. You're introducing it
    here. If you had cited anything in support of whatever you were
    trying to say we might have figured it out. There is certainly
    nothing about them in the abstract you pasted in.

    I'm guessing that you think too much dietary UFA is bad, but what
    you think happens when one bite(?) of something with more than
    coconut oil is unknown. I expect all will agree that some level
    of UFA is too much, but you seem to be trying to make a statement
    here about a specific level.

    One of the benefits of consuming UFAs may be that they react with
    the limited serum oxidizer supply, consuming it so as to reduce
    the extent to which it oxidizes LDL.

    I could research what you stated if you had said *anything*.

  9. "montygram" <[email hidden]> schrieb im Newsbeitrag
    news:[email hidden]...

    Quoted message said:

    I didn't do the experiment, but it has been done. Instead of
    auditioning for a role on the Sopranos, perhaps you should actually do
    some research. I will involve typing in www.pubmed.com and then a few
    more words, and then hitting the enter key, but I've got a lot of
    confidence it you. Just keep saying to yourself, "I think I can, I
    think I can..."

    I don't doubt that the experiment has been done, I doubt that you know what
    a single experiment means when it comes to uncover a certain biochemical
    mechanism.

    Typing random keywords into a pubmed searchbox is not any kind of
    achievement, even though you seem to believe it is- understanding the
    principles that these studies are based on and knowing what a study says and
    what it really does not say is an entirely different thing.. and you are
    very strongly lacking in that part (I just remember that SOD/age study you
    posted).

  10. montygram said:

    Took me about a minute to find this one:

    A pity you didn't take a bit longer to read it and understand it.

    Quoted message said:

    Ann Med. 2002;34(1):48-54.

    Susceptibility of LDL to oxidation in vitro and antioxidant capacity in
    familial combined hyperlipidemia: comparison of patients with different
    lipid phenotypes.

    Liu ML, Ylitalo K, Vakkilainen J, Nuotio I, Valkonen M, Lahdenpera S,
    Viikari J, Taskinen MR.

    Department of Medicine, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Finland.

    BACKGROUND: There is increasing evidence that oxidation of low-density
    lipoprotein (LDL) plays an important role in atherogenesis. AIM: To
    explore the LDL oxidizability and its determinants in familial combined
    hyperlipidemia (FCHL) patients with different phenotypes.

    <snip>

    Quoted message said:

    CONCLUSIONS: LDL from FCHL patients irrespectively of lipid
    phenotypes is more susceptible to oxidation in vitro than LDL from
    healthy controls. This increased susceptibility of LDL to oxidation in
    vitro seems to be attributed to the abundance of small dense LDL
    particles and not to the defect of antioxidant capacity in FCHL.

    It doesn't matter whether you are "genetically predisposed" to small
    LDL, so long as you stay away from unsaturated fatty acids, except in
    trace amounts, such as that found in coconut oil.

    Clearly you don't have a clue what FCHL is, or you'd realise that
    regardless of what they eat or don't eat they will have high LDL and
    greatly increased chance of death from atherosclerosis.

    MattLB

  11. I'll guess you're replying to something I said, probably this bit:

    " At least they research things directly, rather than picking and
    choosing other people's work to fit their own viewpoint. You're always
    going on about scientific method, yet don't seem to realise that most
    scientific "truth" is the result of incremental increases in supporting
    evidence rather than one big idea. "

    montygram said:

    Yes, the theory of relativity is a "little thing."

    One: it was/is a theory. If it hadn't been supported by subsequent
    experimental evidence/observation that's all it would be.
    Two: Einstein is a household name precisely because it wasn't "most"
    research. I thought that was rather obvious.

    Quoted message said:

    All the evidence points to free radical damage, in one form or another,
    being the root cause of "chronic disease." If I didn't see the
    evidence for myself,

    Where exactly did you see free radical damage causing chronic disease?

    Quoted message said:

    I would not have believed it. Perhaps you should
    remove your head from you hind quarters and take a look for yourself.

    I don't actually walk on all fours.

    MattLB

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