"CoyoteBoy" <[email hidden]> wrote
Quoted message said:DavidR said:"elyob" <[email hidden]> wrote in message
news:[email hidden]...
Quoted message said:Hi,
Just about to respond to a letter in my local rag r.e. Richmond Park.
The writer claims that driving at 20mph creates more pollution, he
doesn't back it up and wondered if there is any evidence to the
contrary?
A 1982 Citroen BX1600
speed 4th 5th
30 48.4 55.4
40 46.1 51.7
50 40.8 47.4
60 36.4 41.5
70 31.9 35.9
80 27.1 30.0
A good demonstration, I think, that fuel consumed is directly
proportional
to mechanical losses, not some variation in combustion "efficiency". The
speed shows tyre, transmission and air, the gear difference shows
underbonnet losses - ancillaries and friction within the engine.
On the face of it, 5th at 30 might just pip 20 in 4th.
Im fascinated to find out, where are your figures from?
An Autocar test. They used to do this regularly but I only have similar
data for a Polo.
Quoted message said:I dont know
any vehicle manufacturer that provided that much info, especially not
in 1982. And IIRC the 82 BX is a carb'd car, not FI which is a whole
different kettle of fish entirely and not overly relevant?
Fueling is more accurate and but I can't see the principles changing. The
main differerence must be air
conditioning and other loads which are time based, not distance based so
there will be a speed below which the energy consumed by aircon will rise
more than the reduced tractive demand.
Quoted message said:Combustion
efficiency does change with revs, noticably so - I have some fuel use
charts from an engine on the dyno in our lab somewhere, will try to
dig it out. Its also linked to throttling losses, which increase
vastly at low-rev-low-load situations.
Indeed. But I was quite deliberate with my use of the word 'combustion',
rather than 'engine' efficiency.. Let me take you through my thinking.
A mixture burns and delivers an amount of energy. Some is imparted to the
piston as mechanical energy, and some directly lost as heat. The energy
that comes out of the crank is less than that imparted on the piston. The
pumping action is performed by piston movement so is purely mechanical.
The engine has other losses that are essential for its operation -
piston/cylinder friction, bearings, valves, pumps and belts/chains/gears.
These losses are predominantly proportional to engine speed. More is usef
by underbonnet operation of the car - alternator, aircon & steering. These
have loads that vary with demand and journey time, not journey distance, as
well as drive losses predominantly associated with engine speed.
So now we get to traction - transmission and tyre losses are distance based
(transmission may have an engine speed component too) and aero load which
is related to distance and provides the only component related to road
speed.
Chuck all that into the pot and gas needs to be pumped through the engine
in proportion to it all - which adds another loss.
Phew!
One final thought; since the higher revs of a lower gear cause more
frictional losses, more airflow is required to deliver a given traction
power. The throttle should therefore be wider in a lower gear, producing
less throttling loss...