Hi Taylor,
First, it's good to see that you are aiming high with your ambitions 🙂, kudos on determination.
Your first big step towards racing should be to RIDE MORE! Good start with daily rides over 10 miles 😉! Try getting involved with a few friends for group rides, and progress to a local cycling club to learn how to ride in larger groups... Get comfortable with cornering and manuevering in a mass of people.
At your age, there are probably some good opportunities within local junior race clubs, where you can recieve coaching and support from other riders your age. Look online, or go to your LBS for more information on such clubs.
Once you have some more experience (miles on your legs, and age), you'll need a UCF liscense (if you don't already have one from a junior team). From that point on, enter as many races as you can, and get a feeling for how hard this sport can really be.
As for what to do to get into serious racing (climbing from Cat5 to Cat1), you first need to ask yourself a few questions, and answer them honestly:
1. What am I in this for? Are you looking for glory and riches, or the thrill of a chase and the satisfaction that comes from overcoming your own personal obstacles as well as other racers?
2. Am I willing to put in the time? As you get into racing you will be spending well upwards of 25-30 hours a week at your age training. This seems small, but 25 hours in the saddle can seem like forever if you aren't in love with the sport.
3. Am I willing to accept that it may never happen for me? Not everybody is cut out to be an ultra-elite pro racer like the "movie-star" headliners of Armstrong, Basso, Indurain, etc.
4. Am I willing to give up LOTS of other comforts in life so that I may be physically and financially prepared for racing?
If you feel that you can answer yes to the questions, then you just may have a shot.
Good Luck!