While high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is widely regarded as a primary method for improving VO2 max in competitive road cyclists, there seems to be a general consensus that traditional HIIT protocols involving 4-6 minutes of all-out effort are the most effective way to achieve this. However, what if this approach is not as universally effective as we assume, particularly for athletes who may not have the luxury of a long off-season or are returning to competition after a prolonged hiatus.
Are there alternative methods for improving VO2 max that may be more effective for certain athlete populations or those with specific training constraints, such as shorter, more frequent high-intensity efforts, longer periods of sub-threshold exercise, or even strength training with a focus on improving muscular power output. Specifically, can a training program that incorporates shorter bursts of high-intensity exercise (e.g., 30-90 seconds) but at a higher frequency (e.g., 4-6 times per week) elicit similar or even greater improvements in VO2 max compared to traditional HIIT protocols.
Furthermore, how important is the role of specificity in VO2 max training for competitive road cyclists, and can a more general approach to high-intensity exercise that focuses on improving muscular power output and aerobic capacity in a more cross-disciplinary manner (e.g., incorporating strength training, hill sprints, and other forms of high-intensity exercise) be just as effective, if not more so, than traditional cycling-specific HIIT protocols. What are the implications of this approach for coaching and training, and are there any potential drawbacks or limitations that coaches and athletes should be aware of.