rob of the og said:There's trees and forests to look at...... The data you look at will depend on what you want to find out.....
+1 on both these observations as well as graham's succinct summary above.
In a general sense I look at general training trends (the forest) by keeping an eye on overall training load and freshness. CTL and ATL/TSB make that pretty easy to visualize. Overall FTP progress is another forest sort of thing as a lot of different training routines can help bring up your FTP and it's one of the long term things we try to influence.
For specifics (the trees) I believe you really have to make a plan that addresses your specific needs. The plan should take into account differing needs throughout the yearly cycle like build vs. race prep. vs. racing, etc. The plan should be tailored to your specific needs so doing some profiling of your strengths and weaknesses relative to the sort of events you'd like to do is important. The plan is a big picture blueprint but expect it to change and evolve in response to your progress, to life's interruptions, your setbacks, etc.
Yeah, your training plan on a yearly and monthly levels is "forest" as well, but from it you can set specific daily goals in terms of specific workout focus, specific drills, intervals, durations and intensities, etc. Those are the "trees" and when you've identified them you can easily set up your power software to display those things of interest to you. So if your plan calls for a month or two of focused SST/L4 efforts then you'll want to look at things like 20 to 30 minute AP, see how consistently you held power in your first and last intervals of a given session, see if your 20 minute numbers are creeping up over the weeks, see how well you paced individual efforts in graph view, etc.
If you're in a midwinter base building cycle you'll want to decide what training philosophy you believe in regarding base building. Are you going to do daily five hour LSD rides or hour and a half SST sessions or maybe a couple of 3 hour Tempo/L2+ sessions if your climate allows? Those again are specific training goals that you think about when you review your data post ride. How well did you stick to the daily plan? But during build cycles I'm also very interested in how much TSS I earned per session and how my CTL is progressing. Sure it's a balance between targeting specific systems and building overall training load but again you'll be in a better position to know how to find that balance if you have a training plan.
Anyway, I agree with Tony and the others, your request is very broad and you've gotta relize the power meter is just a tool. A good tool that accurately tells you what you are currently capable of and tracks exactly what you did while on the bike. But it won't make a training plan for you, it doesn't subscribe to any particular training philosophy and it won't necessarily organize your training or make your time on the bike more fruitful. You need a good plan and you need to choose a training philosophy, with those things the power meter can help keep you on track.
If you read the book linked above and references like this: cyclingpeakssoftware.compower411Open ↗
And you still aren't sure about how to structure your training or how to get the most out of your power meter data then you should really think about hiring a power savvy coach.
Good luck,
-Dave