I've started work on drafting a briefing document for MPs on the problems
with the Highway Code amendments. My current draft is as follows (outline
numbers will be simplified before the final draft, it just helps me keep
track of what's where for now):
1 Summary
1.1 The promotion of cycling, especially utility cycling, is important for
a number of critical public policy objectives over the coming years. The
proposed revision of the Highway Code is damaging to cycling generally,
and to utility cycling especially. If this draft is adopted, it will have
strongly negative consequences on cycling, and on wider public policy
objectives including carbon emissions and health.
2 Background
2.1 The highway code is reviewed and revised periodically under the terms
of the Road Traffic Act 1988.
2.2 As a routine part of this review and revision process a new draft of
the Highway Code was produced by the Driving Standards Agency early in
2006.
2.3 A public consultation exercise was carried out on this draft by the
Driving Standards Agency between February and May of 2006.
2.4 70% of all responses to the public consultation process were from
cyclists; these overwhelmingly made the same points.
2.5 A revised, and apparently final, draft has been published in March
2007 which does not remedy the problems for cyclists.
3 What the drafts change
3.1 The drafts make many minor changes throughout the document; this
document considers only those which have a negative impact on cyclists.
3.2 Use of cycling facilities
3.2.1 The current code says
3.2.1.1 47: Use cycle routes when practicable. They can make your journey
safer.
3.2.2 The February 2006 draft says
3.2.2.1 58: Use cycle routes when practicable, and cycle facilities such
as advanced stop lines, cycle boxes and toucan crossings where they are
provided, as they can make your journey safer.
3.2.3 The March 2007 draft says
3.2.3.1 61: Use cycle routes and cycle facilities such as advanced stop
lines, cycle boxes and toucan crossings wherever possible, as they can
make your journey safer.
3.3 Roundabouts
3.3.1 The current code says
3.3.1.1 62: You may feel safer either keeping to the left on the
roundabout or dismounting and walking your cycle round on the pavement or
verge. If you decide to keep to the left you should
* be aware that drivers may not easily see you
* take extra care when cycling across exits and you may need to signal
right to show you are not leaving the roundabout
* watch out for vehicles crossing your path to leave or join the
roundabout.
3.3.2 The February 2006 draft says
3.3.2.1 74: You may feel safer either keeping to the left on the
roundabout or dismounting and walking your cycle round on the pavement or
verge. If you decide to keep to the left you should
* be aware that drivers may not easily see you
* take extra care when cycling across exits. You may need to signal right
to show you are not leaving the roundabout
* watch out for vehicles crossing your path to leave or join the
roundabout.
3.3.3 The March 2007 draft says
3.3.3.1 77: You may feel safer walking your cycle round on the pavement or
verge. If you decide to ride round keeping to the left-hand lane you
should
* be aware that drivers may not easily see you
* take extra care when cycling across exits. You may need to signal right
to show you are not leaving the roundabout
* watch out for vehicles crossing your path to leave or join the
roundabout.
3.3.4 In all cases this is preceded by a paragraph indicating the correct
rules for negotiating a roundabout, later in the document.
4 The consultation exercise
4.1 A public consultation exercise was carried out by the Driving
Standards Agency between February and May of 2006; the report of this
exercise is reference 2.
4.2 During the public consultation exercise, over 4000 people made a total
of 27000 comments. 70% of the responses were from cyclists.
4.3 The consultation report notes that “the cycling rules proved the most
contentious during the public consultation...†[page 7] and goes on to
state that the areas of contention were
4.3.1 The wording on the use of cycle facilities
4.3.2 The advice on wearing cycle helmets and high visibility clothing
4.3.3 The advice on negotiating roundabouts
4.4 Nevertheless the Driving Standards Agency chose to
4.4.1 ignore the comments with regard to helmets and clothing
4.4.2 ignore the comments with regard to roundabouts
4.4.3 make the wording on the use of cycle facilities worse, not better
5 What is wrong with the draft
5.1 Overall public policy objectives
5.1.1 Consideration of the Highway Code as it impacts cycling needs
consideration of wider public policy objectives
5.1.2 Carbon emissions
5.1.2.1 Where a traveller switches a utility journey from car to cycle,
this has a double impact on carbon emissions. Not only are the emissions
of the car journey saved, but road congestion is eased allowing other
motor vehicles to flow more freely. If Britain could achieve the level of
utility cycling of (for example) the Netherlands, the saving in carbon
emissions would be [figure? reference?]
5.1.2.2 But this benefit occurs only when utility journeys are switched to
cycle. Leisure cycling saves no emissions; on the contrary, where leisure
cyclists transport their cycles by car to distant cycle paths, it has a
net carbon cost.
5.1.2.3 Utility cycling requires that, for the user, the cycle journey is
competitively efficient with alternative modes of transport
5.1.3 Health
5.1.3.1 [The health benefits of cycling... cost saving to economy?]
5.2 Cycle facilities
5.2.1 The quality of cycling facilities in the UK is highly variable; the
worst are very unsafe and very inconvenient
5.2.2 Shared use facilities are attractive to planners but effectively
limit cyclists to little more than pedestrian speed. Unless they represent
very significant short-cuts they are not competitive for utility cyclists
with adjacent roads. Requiring the use of shared facilities would have a
strong negative impact on utility cycling
5.2.3 Overall, many studies in many countries show the risk of serious
injury and death to cyclists using cycle paths exceeds the risk of using
adjacent roads, primarily because of unsighted conflicts with motorists at
junctions between cycle paths and roads [references]
5.2.4 There is a particular problem with advanced stop line cycle boxes
with an entry lane on the left, especially where there are railings or
barriers on the pavement edge. A very high proportion of urban cycle
fatalities involve long vehicles turning left at such junctions
[references]
5.2.5 The wording in the current Highway Code makes it clear that cyclists
may use facilities, or not, at their own discretion. This is also the law.
5.2.6 The wording of the revised draft says that cyclists should use
facilities 'wherever possible', implying that they have no such
discretion. It may be 'possible' to use a facility which it is either
extremely unsafe or extremely inconvenient to use
5.3 Roundabouts
5.3.1 The correct rules for negotiating roundabouts are given in all
drafts of the Highway Code
5.3.2 Roundabouts can be intimidating for relatively low speed and
unprotected road users
5.3.3 The suggestion that cyclists may /feel/ safer if they dismount and
walk around is not in itself contentious, although on many roundabouts it
would be either impractical or actively dangerous to do so.
5.3.4 Utility cyclists will not dismount and walk around roundabouts, and
must not be expected to do so; the promotion of utility cycling requires
that cycling be competitively simple and quick with other modes
5.3.5 Moreover, the suggestion that cyclists keep to the left hand lane on
roundabouts is actively dangerous, as it puts cyclists in conflict with
fast moving traffic at each exit.
5.3.6 Cyclists should follow the normal rules for negotiating roundabouts
like any other road user. There should be no special roundabout rule for
cyclists.
5.4 Helmets and clothing
5.4.1 The utility of cycle helmets is highly contentious. The evidence as
to their utility is incomplete and unclear, especially with regard to
accidents involving motor vehicles. It is not the case that it is clear
that wearing helmets makes cyclists safer. This is a complex issue,
outside the scope of the present document. The advice on this both in the
current Highway Code and the proposed draft is optimistic as to the
benefits of helmets beyond the current evidence.
5.4.2 Utility cycling is highest (and the risks of cycling lowest) in
countries such as the Netherlands and Denmark where helmet use is lowest
[references].
5.4.3 There is evidence from a number of countries that helmet promotion
has a negative impact on cycle use, and on the overall safety of cyclists
[references].
5.4.4 Promotion of utility cycling requires that people are able to cycle
in their ordinary, everyday clothes – again, as is normal in the
Netherlands and Denmark.
6 What should be done
6.1 The section regarding the use of cycle facilities should be replaced
with the following wording:
6.1.1 You may use cycle routes and cycle facilities such as advanced stop
lines, cycle boxes and toucan crossings if they will make your journey
safer or more convenient.
6.1.2 You should avoid using a left hand entry lane to a cycle box if
there is a long vehicle waiting to turn left
6.2 The cycling-specific section regarding the use of roundabouts should
be removed altogether.
6.3 The section regarding the use of high-visibility clothing and helmets
should be replaced with the following wording:
6.3.1 you should wear appropriate clothes for cycling. Avoid clothes which
may get tangled in the chain, or in a wheel or may obscure your lights
6.3.2 light-coloured or fluorescent clothing will help other road users to
see you in daylight and poor light
6.3.3 reflective clothing and/or accessories (belt, arm or ankle bands)
will help other road users see you in the dark.
7 References
7.1
http://www.dsa.gov.uk/Documents/consult/Responses/Highway_Code_Draft.pdf
7.2
http://www.dsa.gov.uk/Documents/consult/Responses/Response_to_Highway_Code_Consultation_report.pdf
If anyone would like to co-operate with me on this document, much as the
co-operative childrens' cycling leaflet was produced, I'd welcome
collaborators. When it's finished I'll put it up on the web so that you
can print it off and send it to your MP as an attachment to your personal
letter.
--
[email hidden] (Simon Brooke) http://www.jasmine.org.uk/~simon/
;; Drivers in the UK kill more people every single year than
;; Al Qaeda have ever killed worldwide in any single year.