I've been doing my own mechanics on bikes for 20 years, building wheels, assembling whole bikes etc.
I learnt this principle for the first time the other day, and it's terribly simple and maybe
everyone else knows it, but I've never seen it stated, AND it certainly is not known by many
manufacturers who assemble bikes.
The problem.
A bike which no matter what I did, did not index properly.
I had replaced all the cables and wires without success, replacing all the cable housings with
identical lengths of proper Shimano index housing. No good.
I had a look at it and thought. What would happen if I made the last cable housing (the one into the
derailleur) a couple of inches longer, making a long lazy loop.
I'll tell you what happened.
Gear heaven.
The tightness of this loop was the major cause of friction, obviously.
I now have completely frictionless perfect indexing.