In article <[email hidden]>, Graham Seed
<[email hidden]> writes
Quoted message said:Not that I'm an expert on this, but GPS heights are worked out using a
spheroid model and Levels are worked out using a geoid model - how similar
these are for a relatively 'flat' part of the world I don't know - i was
kind of hoping Dominic or someone would chip in here.
I was tempted to join in earlier but needed to engage my brain first.
Essentially you are correct about the difference between GPS and
levelling techniques. However your kind colleagues at the OS have
created a model of the Geoid for the UK - National Geoid Model OSGM02
which effectively gives the offset between the spheroidal readings
obtained by GPS and the Geoid defined by the model. The offsets are
given for every kilometre grid intersection point and values for points
within a square kilometre are estimated by a weighted average of the
values for each corner. As there is very little difference over a
kilometre the averaging will not give much increase in accuracy.
[As an aside a similar model (National Grid Transformation OSTN02) is
used to convert horizontal co-ordinates to OSGB36 and that model now
defines OSGB36]
Now as this model actually defines the height of mean sea level at each
location (OSGM02 has an accuracy of 2 cm for mainland Britain) the only
error in using converted GPS readings in the error in the initial GPS
reading itself.
As mentioned earlier they were recording GPS observations at the summit
for an hour. This data would then be processed against that recorded at
a base station in a known location nearby. The OS maintain a network of
active stations where the recorded data can be downloaded for free but
unless an active station was close to the point in question they would
probably have set up their own base station nearby for greater accuracy
(some of the errors effectively depend upon the location of the
receivers so to reduce them the base and rover need to be relatively
close to each other - kilometres rather than tens of kilometres for high
accuracy).
By processing the data against that recorded at a known location the
errors in the recorded data can be reduced considerably. Downloading
precise orbital data to use in the post processing can further increase
accuracy. The satellites broadcast their orbital data in real time but
there are small errors. The satellites are tracked by an array of ground
stations allowing more accurate orbital data to be calculated with a
slight delay.
The right kit and sufficiently long observation times with an
unobstructed view of the sky gathers data of high enough quality that
can then be post processed to give the accuracy quoted above ~3cm.
Impressive stuff but does 3000' above the latest and greatest Geoid
model really qualify a hill promotion?
--
Dominic Sexton