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EFBE Frame Test and Pedal Loads

Started by Kraig Willett · · Last activity · 10 posts · 1,493 views

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Cycling Equipment
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9 May 2003
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11 May 2003
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Kraig Willett
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  1. There was some discussion awhile back about this frame fatigue test. One of the criticisms was about
    the magnitude of pedal loads.

    I have some SRM data from several people on my site (including myself) that might shed some light on
    the subject of "real world" pedal load magnitudes.

    Please keep in mind that the SRM unit averages power over one pedal revolution, so it is
    pretty reasonable to say that the peak pedal loads are on the order of two-times that
    indicated in the plots.

    tinyurl.combc8h

    --
    =======================
    Kraig Willett RBT Subscription Specials www.biketechreview.com\rbt.htm
    =======================

  2. Quoted message said:

    There was some discussion awhile back about this frame fatigue test. One of the criticisms was
    about the magnitude of pedal loads.

    I have some SRM data from several people on my site (including myself) that might shed some light
    on the subject of "real world" pedal load magnitudes.

    Please keep in mind that the SRM unit averages power over one pedal revolution, so it is
    pretty reasonable to say that the peak pedal loads are on the order of two-times that
    indicated in the plots.

    tinyurl.combc8h

    Kraig:

    This is certainly some interesting data and I hope people look at it and think about it. As Damon
    has/had on his website, "One measurement is worth 50 expert opinions."

    What I thought after looking at it and thinking it over for a bit:

    1. I think in general the assumption that twice the average force is equal to the peak is probably
    a reasonable one, maybe even conservative.

    However it it may be in particular cases where the average load is high, this is not because the
    peak load is high but rather because the load was better distributed about the pedalling cycle. For
    what its worth, when I make peak effort, it comes from a concerted effort to pedal in full circles
    rather than because I pushed as twice as hard as normal.

    2. But assuming that this factor of 2 is the correct assumptions, there are certainly some peak
    loads that would then be in the 1300 newton range.

    You do not indicate how long these rides were and with several overlapping rides is difficult to do
    an analysis. Your hilly training ride seems to be the clearest and I will make the assumption that
    this ride lasted about an hour, probably longer but for this sort of rough analysis, an hour is
    probably OK.

    Now I count about 20 (21 points, I think) points that are above 600 Newtons average load, 1200
    Newtons, assumed peak load.

    Dividing that into the 200,000 cycles, it would take 10,000 hours to achieve this many fatigue
    cycles at this load level, which would probably be somewhere over 150,000 miles of "hilly training
    with sprints."

    3. In previous threads, not the most recent one but one probably about a year ago, I suggested that
    a more realistic test would be one which used a broad spectrum of loads that accurately
    represented the loading history.

    What I am seeing here, says that likely these peak loads are a significant (even major) contribution
    to the fatigue failure in frames but that other lower level but higher frequency of occurance loads
    should also taken into account.

    One could do analysis, knowing the S-N curve for the material of a given frame, using the frame test
    data to put set determine the location on S-N curve and then use a histogram such as Kraig has
    provided to determine the fatigue lives of different frames of different materials under this "real
    world" loading spectrum.

    4. It is important to remember the assumptions made when working with data. In this case the
    principle assumption is that factor of 2. It may be that these outlying points are the result of
    unique situations either in pedalling or in the data acquisition.

    I have also assumed that indeed these points represent all the points in the ride and are not some
    average values or something.

    5. I think that as usual Kraig has upped the level here and I would like see the some significant
    input on this thread.

    I certainly have my point of view but I am also certainly open to being wrong on this, Kraig has
    provided some "preliminary" data that raises important questions and has certainly made me rethink
    my position on this.

    I am interested in what Kraig has to say, he just the data out there without much comment.

    Jon Isaacs

  3. "Jon Isaacs" <[email hidden]> wrote

    Quoted message said:

    I think in general the assumption that twice the average force is equal to the peak is probably a
    reasonable one, maybe even conservative.

    However it it may be in particular cases where the average load is high,


    this

    Quoted message said:

    is not because the peak load is high but rather because the load was


    better

    Quoted message said:

    distributed about the pedalling cycle. For what its worth, when I make


    peak

    Quoted message said:

    effort, it comes from a concerted effort to pedal in full circles rather


    than

    Quoted message said:

    because I pushed as twice as hard as normal.

    The "peak is roughly twice the average" is supported by the instrumented pedal studies (which is
    about the only way to really know).

    Quoted message said:

    You do not indicate how long these rides were and with several overlapping rides is difficult to
    do an analysis. Your hilly training ride seems to


    be the

    Quoted message said:

    clearest and I will make the assumption that this ride lasted about an


    hour,

    Quoted message said:

    probably longer but for this sort of rough analysis, an hour is probably


    OK.

    Quoted message said:


    Now I count about 20 (21 points, I think) points that are above 600


    Newtons

    Quoted message said:

    average load, 1200 Newtons, assumed peak load.

    Dividing that into the 200,000 cycles, it would take 10,000 hours to


    achieve

    Quoted message said:

    this many fatigue cycles at this load level, which would probably be


    somewhere

    Quoted message said:

    over 150,000 miles of "hilly training with sprints."

    All of those points were when Kraig was practicing sprints, so the proportion of time during the
    entire ride that they represent or the number of miles is a red-herring. Those points represent six
    different sprints. You can see another graph of those sprints here: tinyurl.comazfr but note
    that I was using average pedal torque rather than average pedal force--you should divide the torque
    by his crank length (maybe 175?? mm) to get the pedal load (and then multiply by two to get the
    peak, if that's what you're interested in).

  4. "Jon Isaacs" <[email hidden]> wrote in message
    "]news:[email hidden]...

    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:

    The "peak is roughly twice the average" is supported by the instrumented pedal studies (which is
    about the only way to really know).

    I am sure that this is true in almost all cases. However I am suggesting


    that

    Quoted message said:

    in extreme cases this may not hold true.

    One has to be careful in extending generalizations to the extreme points because those are the
    very points which may lie outside the boundries


    where

    Quoted message said:

    those assumptions hold true.

    Right, but if I understood your point properly, you were suggesting that *your* peak loads would
    be *lower* than twice the average. If so, then doubling the average is a "safe" estimate of
    maximum loads.

    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:

    All of those points were when Kraig was practicing sprints, so the proportion of time during the
    entire ride that they represent or the


    number

    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:

    of miles is a red-herring.

    It is not a red-herring. Kraig is presenting this data to approximate


    "real

    Quoted message said:

    world pedal loads."

    I am merely using this to try to get a handle on the numbers and the


    frequency

    Quoted message said:

    that such loads may occur.

    My intuition tells me that hilly training with sprints probably has a


    higher

    Quoted message said:

    than normal incidence of peak loads, but for the purpose of getting a ball


    park

    Quoted message said:

    understanding of the frequency of these high loads it seems relevent to


    me.

    Quoted message said:


    So please realize, I am not trying to dispute this data or suggest that it


    is

    Quoted message said:

    bad data.

    Rather I am trying to understand it and understand the assumptions that


    lie

    Quoted message said:

    behind it so that it can be applied to the issue at hand in an appropriate manner.

    I was under the impression that he was definitely *not* suggesting that this was a normal ride. The
    data were being presented as a way to examine peak loads. I looked at his data, and the sprints were
    definitely not made in the course of normal riding. I took his data to represent real world max
    sprint loads for someone who can produce 1200 watts, not real world loads while JRA. He could have
    done the entire hilly ride without sprinting at all.

  5. "Robert Chung" <[email hidden]> wrote in message "]news:[email hidden]...

    Quoted message said:


    "Jon Isaacs" <[email hidden]> wrote in message
    "]news:[email hidden]...

    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:

    The "peak is roughly twice the average" is supported by the


    instrumented

    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:

    pedal studies (which is about the only way to really know).

    I am sure that this is true in almost all cases. However I am


    suggesting

    Quoted message said:

    that

    Quoted message said:

    in extreme cases this may not hold true.

    One has to be careful in extending generalizations to the extreme


    points

    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:

    because those are the very points which may lie outside the


    boundries

    Quoted message said:

    where

    Quoted message said:

    those assumptions hold true.

    Right, but if I understood your point properly, you were suggesting


    that

    Quoted message said:

    *your* peak loads would be *lower* than twice the average. If so,


    then

    Quoted message said:

    doubling the average is a "safe" estimate of maximum loads.

    isbweb.orghighw.avg

    Average power: 192.6 W (single leg) Average cadence: 90.3 RPM

    Phil Holman

  6. "Phil Holman" <[email hidden]> wrote in message
    "]news:[email hidden]...

    Quoted message said:

    isbweb.orghighw.avg

    Average power: 192.6 W (single leg) Average cadence: 90.3 RPM

    Phil, during what type of effort and on which type of apparatus was this data taken?

    Because, if my math is any good, the peak pedal load to average pedal load ratio in this case was
    around 2.7.

    --
    ==================
    Kraig Willett www.biketechreview.com
    ==================

  7. "Kraig Willett" <[email hidden]> wrote in message
    "]news:[email hidden]...

    Quoted message said:

    "Phil Holman" <[email hidden]> wrote in message
    "]news:[email hidden]...

    Quoted message said:

    isbweb.orghighw.avg

    Average power: 192.6 W (single leg) Average cadence: 90.3 RPM

    Phil, during what type of effort and on which type of apparatus was this data taken?

    Because, if my math is any good, the peak pedal load to average pedal load ratio in this case was
    around 2.7.

    D'oh - one leg over 360 degrees - my bad.

    --
    ==================
    Kraig Willett www.biketechreview.com
    ==================

  8. "Kraig Willett" <[email hidden]> wrote in message
    "]news:[email hidden]...

    Quoted message said:

    "Phil Holman" <[email hidden]> wrote in message
    "]news:[email hidden]...

    Quoted message said:

    isbweb.orghighw.avg

    Average power: 192.6 W (single leg) Average cadence: 90.3 RPM

    Phil, during what type of effort and on which type of apparatus was this data taken?

    Because, if my math is any good, the peak pedal load to average pedal load ratio in this case was
    around 2.7.

    These data appear to be the average of 14 "elite endurance" cyclists, and they must have come from
    instrumented pedals. I'm guessing Ft is tangential force and Fn is normal force. How do you get 2.7?

  9. "Robert Chung" <[email hidden]> wrote in message "]news:[email hidden]...

    Quoted message said:

    How do you get 2.7?

    2.7 is what I get as a result of not thinking it through and neglecting one of the components of
    pedal force! ;-)

  10. For my own sanity, here is what I come up with using the data that Phil provided a link to (after
    making the assumption that the other leg is 180 degrees out of phase and is identical to the one leg
    we have data on - if that makes sense):

    Average Torque: 41.6 N-m (should be close to what SRM uses to calculate an average power for the
    pedal stroke)

    Assuming a 172.5 mm crank length this means the calculated average pedal load would be ~ 241.2 N
    (this does not match the _actual_ average pedal load as reported in the data - due to crank angle
    and the pedal force direction issues).

    When one compares the reported maximum pedal load magnitude (both tangential and normal components)
    to the calculated average pedal load using the average torque (as I did with the data collected with
    the SRM) one gets:
    473.3 N/241.2N = 1.96.

    The measured peak load is approximately two times the pedal load calculated using the SRM-like data
    reduction method.

    I have probably confused the issue, but _I_ feel better about the assumption anyway.

    I think it is clear that even mortals like myself (at about 75kg) are capable of creating the
    1200-1300 N loads used in the EFBE test. To Jon's point, it now becomes a question of frequency of
    these events and how that relates to the life of the product. I think it is also reasonable to
    assume that forces in excess of this are applied by individuals that are larger than I.

    How one uses this type of data to develop/design product is another issue entirely - in my limited
    experience, one designs a part based on how confident one is in knowing the load spectra.

    I will also say that in my experience with stems, the amount of "damage" done to the part in the low
    load stages seemed inconsequential once the large loads were applied. After evaluating the part
    failures, I don't think the results would have been much different had I started with a higher
    initial load. The next time that I test stems, I will be starting at a higher initial load. There
    are also practical reasons to consider when developing tests (time).

    For what it was used for in the magazine article (a comparative evaluation), the EFBE test protocol
    seems appropriate and even attempts to respect the flexible boundary condition at the rear dropout.

    Phil probably has the most experience when it comes to designing and testing critical parts, so I
    would be curious as to what he thinks about the EFBE frame test.

    --
    ==================
    Kraig Willett www.biketechreview.com
    ==================

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