DON'T DRINK TOO MUCH WATER, Doctors Warn Athletes
Quoted message said:... doctors began seeing athletes stumbling into medical tents,
nauseated, groggy, barely coherent and with their blood severely
diluted. Some died on the spot or in the hospital.
By Gina Kolata The New York Times
http://www.iht.com/articles/2005/04/14/news/water.html
Friday, April 15, 2005
NEW YORK After years of telling athletes to drink as much liquid as
possible to avoid dehydration, some doctors are now saying that drinking
too much during intense exercise poses a far greater health risk,
according to a report published Thursday in The New England Journal of
Medicine.
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An increasing number of athletes - marathon runners, triathletes and
even hikers - are severely diluting their blood by drinking too much
water or too many sports drinks, with some falling gravely ill and even
dying, the doctors say.
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New research on runners in the Boston Marathon confirms the problem and
shows just how serious it is.
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The research involved 488 runners who participated in the 2002 Boston
Marathon. While most were fine, 13 percent - or 62 of them - drank so
much that they had hyponatremia, or abnormally low blood sodium levels.
Three had levels so low that they were in danger of dying.
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The runners who developed the problem tended to be slower, taking more
than four hours to finish the course. That gave them plenty of time to
drink copious amounts of liquid. And drink they did - an average of
three liters, or about 13 cups of water or a sports drink - so much that
they actually gained weight during the race.
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As more slow runners entered long races, doctors began seeing athletes
stumbling into medical tents, nauseated, groggy, barely coherent and
with their blood severely diluted. Some died on the spot or in the hospital.
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Marathon doctors say that the new study offers the first documentation
of the problem.
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"Before this study we suspected there was a problem," said Dr. Marvin
Adner, the medical director of the Boston Marathon, which takes place on
Monday. "But this proves it."
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Hyponatremia is entirely preventable, Adner and others said. During
intense exercise the kidneys cannot excrete excess water. But as people
keep drinking, the extra water moves into their cells, including brain
cells. The engorged brain cells, with no room to expand, press against
the skull and can compress the brain stem, which controls vital
functions like breathing. The result can be fatal.
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But the marathon runners were simply following what has long been
conventional advice: Avoid dehydration at all costs.
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Doctors and sports drink companies "made dehydration a medical illness
that was to be feared," said Dr. Tim Noakes, a hyponatremia expert at
the University of Cape Town in South Africa.
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"Everyone becomes dehydrated when they race," Noakes said. "But I have
not found one death in an athlete from dehydration in a competitive race
in the whole history of running. Not one. Not even a case of illness."
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On the other hand, he said, he knows of people who have become sick and
died from drinking too much.
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Hyponatremia can be treated, Noakes said, but doctors and emergency
workers often assume a sick runner is dehydrated and give intravenous
fluids instead, sometimes killing the patient, he said.
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