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Are Food Preferences Genetic?

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General fitness, health and nutrition
Published
11 April 2004
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15 April 2004
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Steve Wertz
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  1. Have there been any studies that have evaluated whether food
    preferences are hereditary and/or genetic?

    Imagine a group of people all full-blooded Germans, Thais, a
    handful of Chinese, and a few Japanese, all brought up in a
    regular middle-class U.S of A and fed nothing but
    cheeseburgers and fries all their lives and having never
    tasted mom's family favorite cooking (or grandma's) - having
    no childhood comfort foods to remember (other than
    cheeseburgers and fries), They're all set free at the age of
    20 to eat whatever they choose.

    Would each group still tend to prefer foods from their
    country of origin?

    Do Germans have a propensity for beer and meat/sausages?
    Would the Japanese blooded people prefer fish and rice? Do
    Thai's naturally gravitate towards spicy foods? How about
    Chinese and fresh vegetables and noodles?

    (I've tried to pick nationalities that have been established
    for quite a while as examples)

    I was never fed German food a kid, for example, but I seemed
    to have gravitated towards hearty foods and strong beer (and
    lots of them).

    Other people I know born and raised in normal U.S. fashion
    also seem to prefer foods from their bloodlines as they get
    older, not because that's what they were fed as kids. Other
    people, down-home American mutts, I call them tend to like
    (or dislike) all nationalities foods to some degree. But
    other people from longer, more precise bloodlines do seem to
    be attracted to their foods of origin. This is just a theory
    of mine, that's why I'm looking for any proof of this.

    Do people do it because they feel some sort of obligation or
    honor? Do they think they should satisfy some sort of
    stereotype? Peer pressure from others of the same
    nationality?

    Or in my case, is it just a superficial excuse to justify my
    carnivorously-biased eating habits and drink lots of strong
    beer? Or am I really supposed to do this since I'm German?

    -sw

  2. Steve Wertz said:

    Do Germans have a propensity for beer and meat/sausages?
    Would the Japanese blooded people prefer fish and rice? Do
    Thais naturally gravitate towards spicy foods? How about
    Chinese and fresh vegetables and noodles?

    There's considerable epidemiologic evidence that once a
    group immigrates to the United States, they start eating the
    highly processed foods so common here and getting the
    diseases associated with that diet despite the availability
    of native foods. So the general answer to your question is
    no, food preferences are not genetic.

    There are odd exceptions here and there. Lactose tolerance
    and intolerance runs in families and in cultural groups. It
    wouldn't be unusual to have a whole ethnic group that hated
    milk because it makes them all sick.

    I believe it is possible to have a dislike for a particular
    taste that runs in a family. I've always hated grapefruit
    and grapefruit juice. Orange, lemon and other citrus are
    fine, but grapefruit has special sort of bitterness I find
    distasteful. It's hard to describe since I like other bitter
    tastes found in greens, but grapefruit tastes awful to me. I
    never thought this was interesting so I never mentioned it
    in the family. One day I saw passion fruit juice in the
    supermarket, had never seen it before and bought 2 quarts to
    try it. Blech. It tasted like grapefruit. I noticed it right
    away. The next day my brother came over. We didn't see each
    other often. He was the first guest I thought I could give
    the passion fruit juice to. I offered it. He made a face and
    said "blech, it tastes just like grapefruit." I interviewed
    my parents about it. Sure enough, Mom loves grapefruit. Dad
    and his sister hate it. I never knew before. I'm convinced
    that Dad, Aunt Judy, my brother and I are all tasters for a
    particular bitter component in grapefruit and passion fruit
    when most others aren't.

    It's more likely that the climate one lives in affects
    taste. Those who live in a hot climate would be drawn to hot
    spicy foods that help us sweat and encourage us to drink
    lots of water. When we move somewhere cooler, we still like
    the taste of hot foods but don't feel as compelled to eat
    them. I know that whenever it's cold, I'm drawn to filling
    caloric foods like ice cream. When it warms up, I still like
    ice cream but don't crave it the same way.

    --Lia

  3. Steve Wertz <[email hidden]> wrote in
    :"]news:[email hidden]:

    Quoted message said:

    Have there been any studies that have evaluated whether
    food preferences are hereditary and/or genetic?

    There is _one_ genetic component -- differences in the sense
    of taste. Example: to me, saccharin has a bitter taste. To
    my mother, it didn't. This is hereditary.

    Quoted message said:

    Imagine a group of people all full-blooded Germans,

    I've met a Latvian who told me that one branch of his family
    decided after WW I that they were German, and moved to
    Germany -- while his branch decided they were Latvian. He
    looked as if he had Oriental ancestry.

    "Full-blooded Germans" include a whole lot of people whose
    ancestors spoke Baltic languages (Lithuanian, Latvian, Old
    Prussian), or Slavic languages. Plus a good many with
    Jewish ancestry.

    So far as my _known_ genealogy is concerned, all of my
    ancestors were Jewish. This doesn't explain why some people
    in my parents' and grandparents' generations look Slavic,
    and some look Finnish. Or why one looks almost as Oriental
    as his Korean-born wife.

    Quoted message said:

    Thais, a handful of Chinese, and a few Japanese, all
    brought up in a regular middle-class U.S of A and fed
    nothing but cheeseburgers and fries all their lives and
    having never tasted mom's family favorite cooking (or
    grandma's) - having no childhood comfort foods to remember
    (other than cheeseburgers and fries), They're all set free
    at the age of 20 to eat whatever they choose.

    Would each group still tend to prefer foods from their
    country of origin?

    Most countries have wide variations in local foods.

    And what's common food for any country varies greatly over
    time. Sometimes even over a couple of generations.

    --
    Dan Goodman Journal dsgood.blogspot.comdsgood.blogspot.com or
    livejournal.comdsgood Whatever you wish
    for me, may you have twice as much.

  4. Steve Wertz said:

    Do people do it because they feel some sort of obligation
    or honor? Do they think they should satisfy some sort of
    stereotype? Peer pressure from others of the same
    nationality?

    All I know is I love corned beef, cabbage, Guinness,
    Killian's, but not potatoes. So I guess I am not a true
    Irishman...

    It has nothing to do with obligaton or peer pressure. I just
    love that food. I always have, despite growing up in a
    neutral household.

    --
    John Gaughan johngaughan.netjohngaughan.net
    [email hidden]

  5. Quoted message said:

    There is _one_ genetic component -- differences in the
    sense of taste. Example: to me, saccharin has a bitter
    taste. To my mother, it didn't. This is hereditary.

    You're saying that taste perceptions alternate between
    generations, and that this tendency to alternate is
    hereditary? Or what are you saying?

    Neil

  6. Quoted message said:

    You're saying that taste perceptions alternate between
    generations, and that this tendency to alternate is
    hereditary? Or what are you saying?

    Neil

    US Southerners all seem to have an affinity for grits, but
    then they all share the same last name! <G>

    ---= BOYCOTT FRENCH--GERMAN (belgium) =--- ---= Move UNITED
    NATIONS To Paris =--- Sheldon ```````````` "Life would be
    devoid of all meaning were it without tribulation."

  7. [email hidden] (PENMART01) tap, tap, tapped out in
    :"]news:[email hidden]:

    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:

    You're saying that taste perceptions alternate between
    generations, and that this tendency to alternate is
    hereditary? Or what are you saying?

    Neil

    US Southerners all seem to have an affinity for grits, but
    then they all share the same last name! <G>

    I happen to like grits and my surname is not that common in
    the southern states. Of course, I'm just a midwestern
    hillbilly.

    Michael

    --
    Deathbed statement...

    "Codeine . . . bourbon." ~~Tallulah Bankhead, actress, d.
    December 12, 1968

  8. [email hidden] (WardNA) wrote in
    :"]news:[email hidden]:

    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:

    There is _one_ genetic component -- differences in the
    sense of taste. Example: to me, saccharin has a bitter
    taste. To my mother, it didn't. This is hereditary.

    You're saying that taste perceptions alternate between
    generations,

    No.

    Quoted message said:

    and that this tendency to alternate is hereditary?

    No.

    I'm saying that 1) ability to taste is genetic and 2) I had
    one particular gene which my mother didn't.

    Such a gene might be more common in men than in women for
    the same reason that red-green color blindness is -- though
    in this particular case that seems not to be true. Or I
    might have inherited the gene from my father.

    It's possible to learn to _notice_ subtle flavors; that's
    non-genetic. But no matter how hard someone who doesn't
    detect bitterness in saccharin tries, they're not going to
    detect it.

    --
    Dan Goodman Journal dsgood.blogspot.comdsgood.blogspot.com or
    livejournal.comdsgood Whatever you wish
    for me, may you have twice as much.

  9. John Gaughan <[email hidden]> wrote in news:107hpvkdadck014
    @corp.supernews.com:

    Quoted message said:
    Steve Wertz said:

    Do people do it because they feel some sort of obligation
    or honor? Do they think they should satisfy some sort of
    stereotype? Peer pressure from others of the same
    nationality?

    All I know is I love corned beef, cabbage, Guinness,
    Killian's, but not potatoes. So I guess I am not a true
    Irishman...

    Nah -- it means you're a throwback to the times before
    potatoes were introduced in the British Isles.

    --
    Dan Goodman Journal dsgood.blogspot.comdsgood.blogspot.com or
    livejournal.comdsgood Whatever you wish
    for me, may you have twice as much.

  10. "Steve Wertz" <[email hidden]> wrote in message
    "]news:[email hidden]...

    Quoted message said:

    Have there been any studies that have evaluated whether
    food preferences are hereditary and/or genetic?

    Imagine a group of people all full-blooded Germans, Thais,
    a handful of Chinese, and a few Japanese, all brought up
    in a regular middle-class U.S of A and fed nothing but
    cheeseburgers and fries all their lives and having never
    tasted mom's family favorite cooking (or grandma's) -
    having no childhood comfort foods to remember (other than
    cheeseburgers and fries), They're all set free at the age
    of 20 to eat whatever they choose.

    Would each group still tend to prefer foods from their
    country of origin?

    <snipped>

    I would guess that there is no genetic predisposition. In
    fact I would bet on it. I think other factors you mention
    will explain it, particularly knowing that you are of German
    (or Japanese, or whatever) ancestry and therefore having
    more interest in that food. Taking myself as an example, I
    am half Scottish and half Panamanian and have no particular
    interest in the foods of either country. On the other hand,
    I have my father's and his father's love for the finest
    spirits and wines - but somehow I think there are other
    explanations for this!

    --
    Peter Aitken

    Remove the [censored] from my email address before using.

    --
    Peter Aitken

    Remove the [censored] from my email address before using.

  11. "Julia Altshuler" <[email hidden]> wrote in message

    Quoted message said:


    There's considerable epidemiologic evidence that once a
    group immigrates to the United States, they start eating
    the highly processed foods so common here and getting the
    diseases associated with that diet despite the
    availability of native foods. So the general answer to
    your question is no, food preferences are not genetic.

    Far from scientific evaluation, my observations confirm
    this. We have immigrants from a few countries at work. Some
    stick to their native foods, but most of their children
    prefer the same pizza and burgers we eat most of the time.
    The older people seem to stick more traditional than the
    younger. Ed [email hidden] pages.cthome.netedhome

  12. I have wondered about genetics and predisposition (or lack
    thereof) to spicy foods.

    I have never been able to eat anything with chili pepper or
    cayenne, etc. I'm extremely sensitive to it - it causes me
    pain and I get no pleasure out of it, so I just avoid it
    altogether. Logically, it does not factor into my household
    recipes. I grew up in a household where no spicy food was
    eaten - and I asked my dad why that was. Was it because he
    and/or his parents couldn't tolerate spicy food, or simply
    because he grew up eating no spicy food in his own
    household? The answer was, both. So I was left wondering, do
    we share a genetic distaste for spicy food, or is it a
    function of what we ate as kids?

    I have a Mexican coworker who told me that kids there eat
    chili pepper lollipops. Is it because they are born tolerant
    to chilis, or because at that age, it is easier to form food
    preferences?

    -Jen Half the people you know are below average. -
    Steven Wright

  13. In article <[email hidden]>,

    (JLove98905) said:

    I have wondered about genetics and predisposition (or lack
    thereof) to spicy foods.

    I have never been able to eat anything with chili pepper
    or cayenne, etc. I'm extremely sensitive to it - it causes
    me pain and I get no pleasure out of it, so I just avoid
    it altogether. Logically, it does not factor into my
    household recipes. I grew up in a household where no spicy
    food was eaten - and I asked my dad why that was. Was it
    because he and/or his parents couldn't tolerate spicy
    food, or simply because he grew up eating no spicy food in
    his own household? The answer was, both. So I was left
    wondering, do we share a genetic distaste for spicy food,
    or is it a function of what we ate as kids?

    There are some food preferences which are genetic -- some
    people think coriander leaf (cilantro) tastes soapy, and
    that's genetic. Likewise the celery "extremely bitter"
    taste is genetic. I have them both. I love Thai food as
    long as it's not loaded with coriander. Makes it
    completely inedible.

    Quoted message said:

    I have a Mexican coworker who told me that kids there eat
    chili pepper lollipops. Is it because they are born
    tolerant to chilis, or because at that age, it is easier
    to form food preferences?

    It's the age thing.

    Miche

    --
    If you want to end war and stuff you got to sing loud. --
    Arlo Guthrie, "Alice's Restaurant"

  14. That it's all genetic, probably not. That there are genetic
    factors, a definite yes.

    My oldest daughter takes after me (when I was a kid,)
    hates everything green, and doesn't go beyond pasta with
    "white" sauce and junk food. It was after I was in my mid
    twenties, that I developed a fondness for salads, veggies,
    and guava and papaya--something I would frown upon my
    parents enjoying.

    My youngest one takes after my wife; you have to literally
    force them to eat meat. Since the age of five, she would
    down an entire Caesar's salad, and refuse to eat any starch
    or meat (protein.)

    It was in her mid thirties, that my wife opened up to eating
    steaks and veal. The little protein she received, came
    mostly from legumes, some chicken or fish.

    Not that there is anything wrong with that; but I do worry
    with my daughters protein intake. If you don't watch her
    carefully, greens is all she'll eat.

    Not that I want to boast about it, but I have yet to meet a
    kid, with such an appetite for things like broccoli, rabe,
    carrots, lettuce, tomatoes, green peppers, endives, fennel,
    et cetera. Oh, I almost forgot, she does have one demon that
    haunts her constantly: cotton candy. Go figure?

    Regards,

    Rich

    Miche said:

    In article <[email hidden]>,

    (JLove98905) said:

    I have wondered about genetics and predisposition (or lack
    thereof) to spicy foods.

    I have never been able to eat anything with chili pepper
    or cayenne, etc. I'm extremely sensitive to it - it causes
    me pain and I get no pleasure out of it, so I just avoid
    it altogether. Logically, it does not factor into my
    household recipes. I grew up in a household where no spicy
    food was eaten - and I asked my dad why that was. Was it
    because he and/or his parents couldn't tolerate spicy
    food, or simply because he grew up eating no spicy food in
    his own household? The answer was, both. So I was left
    wondering, do we share a genetic distaste for spicy food,
    or is it a function of what we ate as kids?

    There are some food preferences which are genetic -- some
    people think coriander leaf (cilantro) tastes soapy, and
    that's genetic. Likewise the celery "extremely bitter"
    taste is genetic. I have them both. I love Thai food as
    long as it's not loaded with coriander. Makes it
    completely inedible.

    Quoted message said:

    I have a Mexican coworker who told me that kids there eat
    chili pepper lollipops. Is it because they are born
    tolerant to chilis, or because at that age, it is easier
    to form food preferences?

    It's the age thing.

    Miche

  15. at Sun, 11 Apr 2004 18:29:28 GMT in
    <[email hidden]>, [email hidden] (Edwin
    Pawlowski) wrote :

    Quoted message said:


    "Julia Altshuler" <[email hidden]> wrote in message

    Quoted message said:


    There's considerable epidemiologic evidence that once a
    group immigrates to the United States, they start eating
    the highly processed foods so common here and getting the
    diseases associated with that diet despite the
    availability of native foods. So the general answer to
    your question is no, food preferences are not genetic.

    Isn't there a risk of confusing ethnicity/country of origin
    from genestock? Very, very few populations of any given
    country come from a narrow, monolithic gene pool, and so for
    similar reasons I'd expect to find differences in food
    preferences among people of the same ethnicity. Unless the
    genetic pool were unusually narrow, e.g. among some Jewish
    communities, it would be very difficult to prove genetic
    food preferences.

    OTOH, there probably are food preferences that are genetic -
    things people with the same gene sequences would tend to
    like or dislike. I suspect there are far more of these out
    there than we know. I know people react to specific
    components in food, like, for instance, in green peppers
    where some people are totally repulsed, where others can't
    get enough. I think if you can identify an otherwise
    inexplicable preference or dislike that seems to occur in
    various other uncorrelated individuals, that suggests a
    possible genetic connection.

    Quoted message said:


    Far from scientific evaluation, my observations confirm
    this. We have immigrants from a few countries at work. Some
    stick to their native foods, but most of their children
    prefer the same pizza and burgers we eat most of the time.
    The older people seem to stick more traditional than the
    younger. Ed

    How much of this is responding to social pressure rather
    than individual taste? IME a majority of people are more
    concerned with social acceptability than with the exact
    gratification of their specific desires, and in food, for
    instance, will often swallow down things they might not be
    particularly fond of in order to fit in. Undeniably pizza
    and burgers in the USA are social foods - the occasions on
    which they tend to be eaten are ones where the social
    interaction is usually far more important than what's being
    eaten (which is, in addition, a big reason why so many
    abysmally poor burger joints and pizza parlors stay in
    business). Older people are less easily swayed by social
    considerations because by a certain age people establish
    their social identity by and large and without a conscious
    effort to change it usually don't change all that much.

    --
    Alex Rast [email hidden] (remove d., .7,
    not, and .NOSPAM to reply)

  16. "JLove98905" <[email hidden]> wrote in message

    Quoted message said:

    I have never been able to eat anything with chili pepper
    or cayenne, etc.


    I'm

    Quoted message said:

    extremely sensitive to it - it causes me pain and I get no
    pleasure out of


    it,

    Quoted message said:

    so I just avoid it altogether.

    Quoted message said:

    . So I was left wondering, do we share a genetic
    distaste for spicy food, or is it a function of what
    we ate as kids?

    I have a Mexican coworker who told me that kids there eat
    chili pepper lollipops. Is it because they are born
    tolerant to chilis, or because at


    that

    Quoted message said:

    age, it is easier to form food preferences?

    What latitude is your national origin? I recall reading
    about this and it seems to hold true. . The closer to the
    equator your heritage, the hotter the foods you will /can
    eat. We have that in our house. I'm a sweet fair skinned
    Polish boy with 100% Polish heritage. I can take just a
    little heat in my foods. My wife, OTOH, is dominantly
    southern Italian heritage. She can keep up with the best of
    them when it comes to hot peppers.

    Of course there are exceptions, but a little pre-disposition
    seems to be there. Ed [email hidden]
    pages.cthome.netedhome

  17. "Alex Rast" <[email hidden]> wrote in
    message

    Quoted message said:


    How much of this is responding to social pressure rather
    than individual taste? IME a majority of people are more
    concerned with social acceptability than with the exact
    gratification of their specific desires, and in food, for
    instance, will often swallow down things they might not


    be

    Quoted message said:

    particularly fond of in order to fit in.

    Unscientific, but a group of mixed ethnicicy and a group of
    foods of mixed styes is what I have seen. At a luncheon
    buffet consisting of oriental, Italian, some loosly defined
    foods everyone had a choice of anything on the table. The
    older orientals tended to eat the rice, spring rools, fish.
    The younger ones (a couple from the same family) tended to
    eat more of the other foods.

    Quoted message said:

    Undeniably pizza and burgers in the USA are social foods -
    the occasions on which they tend to be eaten


    are

    Quoted message said:

    ones where the social interaction is usually far more
    important than


    what's

    Quoted message said:

    being eaten (which is, in addition, a big reason why so
    many abysmally


    poor

    Quoted message said:

    burger joints and pizza parlors stay in business).

    How about when they eat pretty much alone? In our plant
    breaks and lunches are staggered. The people bring their
    own. Most bring dishes typical of their native lands. In one
    case a husband and wife in their 30's. She will have chichen
    or fish and always rice. He is likely to microwave a buger.

    Quoted message said:

    Older people are less easily swayed by social
    considerations because by a certain age people establish
    their social identity by and large and without a
    conscious


    effort

    Quoted message said:

    to change it usually don't change all that much.

    Agreed. But you don't see the kids clamoring for some of
    their foods of national origin. Ed [email hidden]
    pages.cthome.netedhome

  18. Alex Rast said:

    Isn't there a risk of confusing ethnicity/country of
    origin from genestock?

    Yes. The original poster phrased the question in terms of
    food preferences being genetic and then gave examples having
    to do with ethnicity and country of origin. I continued the
    confusion when I might have pointed out, as you did, that
    genetics and ethnicity are usually two different things
    except for those instances where they overlap. I believe
    that in the gist of what we're saying we agree.

    Interesting that you mention green peppers as an example of
    a food that people love or hate and might have a genetic
    component as to why. I was a picky kid who wouldn't eat
    vegetables. My odd exception was green peppers. I loved
    them, still do. I can remember a time when I was in my 20s
    and eating a raw green pepper unsliced as others might eat
    an apple leaving the seeds in the center to be thrown out as
    a core. I passed a woman who made a face and called out
    "throw it away." I could see that eating the pepper like
    that was unusual but hardly gross the way eating live bugs
    in public might be.

    --Lia

  19. Julia Altshuler said:
    Alex Rast said:

    Isn't there a risk of confusing ethnicity/country of
    origin from genestock?

    Yes. The original poster phrased the question in terms of
    food preferences being genetic and then gave examples
    having to do with ethnicity and country of origin. I
    continued the confusion when I might have pointed out, as
    you did, that genetics and ethnicity are usually two
    different things except for those instances where they
    overlap. I believe that in the gist of what we're saying
    we agree.

    I heard an interview on NPR this weekend. This guy just
    wrote a book about rats that live on the streets of NY. He
    stated that the rats develop a food preference that matches
    that of the food available in their neighborhoods. In other
    words, rats that live in Chinatown prefer Chinese food to
    Italian. Somehow, I don't think that has to do with the
    genes that each rat is carrying.

    --
    jmk in NC

  20. Edwin Pawlowski said:


    "Alex Rast" <[email hidden]> wrote
    in message

    Quoted message said:

    Older people are less easily swayed by social
    considerations because by a certain age people establish
    their social identity by and large and without a
    conscious effort to change it usually don't change all
    that much.

    Agreed. But you don't see the kids clamoring for some of
    their foods of national origin. Ed

    True, but for many of us when we get older those foods of
    national origin become comfort foods. Don't we often see
    requests here for recipes "like my grandma used to make"?

    When we are younger, symbols of ethnicity are often
    embarrassing, when we are trying hard to "fit in". Luckily,
    most of us outgrow that shallowness.

    gloria p

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