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HED H3 tire blow off

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Cycling Equipment
Published
9 May 2004
Last activity
24 May 2004
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nospam
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  1. I know about the warning from hed about certain clincher tires but
    would just like to add my experinces and ask if anybody knows what the
    answer is?

    I have had a HED H3 clincher rear wheel for a few years now and this
    year bought a matching front.

    I have had the rear tire blow off suddenly, causing a large bang a few
    times usually after an event.

    When I first got the front wheel I was getting punctures near the
    valve hole before, during or after every event so after getting some
    advice from freinds filed the valve hole and put some rim tape on
    (even though I have no spoke holes). This seems to have stopped the
    problem.

    However, today right after finishing a 25 mile TT the rear tire blew
    off the rim (with the usual large bang). The tire is a vittoria evo
    KS (700c x 20). The tire seemed reasonably tight to get on the wheel
    (I have rime tape on this wheel too).

    Anybody got any tips to avoid this as I really don't want it to happen
    at 35mph!

    MTIA

    Dan

  2. nospam said:

    I know about the warning from hed about certain clincher tires but
    would just like to add my experinces and ask if anybody knows what the
    answer is?

    I have had a HED H3 clincher rear wheel for a few years now and this
    year bought a matching front.

    I have had the rear tire blow off suddenly, causing a large bang a few
    times usually after an event.

    When I first got the front wheel I was getting punctures near the
    valve hole before, during or after every event so after getting some
    advice from freinds filed the valve hole and put some rim tape on
    (even though I have no spoke holes). This seems to have stopped the
    problem.

    However, today right after finishing a 25 mile TT the rear tire blew
    off the rim (with the usual large bang). The tire is a vittoria evo
    KS (700c x 20). The tire seemed reasonably tight to get on the wheel
    (I have rime tape on this wheel too).

    Anybody got any tips to avoid this as I really don't want it to happen
    at 35mph!

    Is the rim damaged in any way? Are you using *really* high pressures
    like 180psi?

  3. The rim appears to be OK. I only ever pump tires up to around 120 psi
    although they are rated higher. I have noticed I have narrow rim tape
    that does not go up to the edge of the rim. I may try putting some
    wider rim tape in (velox).

    Was looking at the reviews for the conti supersonic tires on
    roadbikereview.com and noticed some people are having trouble with
    these tires combined with ksyriums.

    Zog The Undeniable said:
    nospam said:

    I know about the warning from hed about certain clincher tires but
    would just like to add my experinces and ask if anybody knows what the
    answer is?

    I have had a HED H3 clincher rear wheel for a few years now and this
    year bought a matching front.

    I have had the rear tire blow off suddenly, causing a large bang a few
    times usually after an event.

    When I first got the front wheel I was getting punctures near the
    valve hole before, during or after every event so after getting some
    advice from freinds filed the valve hole and put some rim tape on
    (even though I have no spoke holes). This seems to have stopped the
    problem.

    However, today right after finishing a 25 mile TT the rear tire blew
    off the rim (with the usual large bang). The tire is a vittoria evo
    KS (700c x 20). The tire seemed reasonably tight to get on the wheel
    (I have rime tape on this wheel too).

    Anybody got any tips to avoid this as I really don't want it to happen
    at 35mph!

    Is the rim damaged in any way? Are you using *really* high pressures
    like 180psi?

  4. Dan Oatandpolos said:

    I know about the warning from HED about certain clincher tires but
    would just like to add my experiences and ask if anybody knows what
    the answer is?

    Quoted message said:

    I have had a HED H3 clincher rear wheel for a few years now and this
    year bought a matching front.

    Quoted message said:

    I have had the rear tire blow off suddenly, causing a large bang a
    few times usually after an event.

    Quoted message said:

    However, today right after finishing a 25 mile TT the rear tire blew
    off the rim (with the usual large bang). The tire is a Vittoria evo
    KS (700c x 20). The tire seemed reasonably tight to get on the wheel
    (I have rime tape on this wheel too).

    Quoted message said:

    Anybody got any tips to avoid this as I really don't want it to
    happen at 35mph!

    You may be having typical tube inclusions in your tire mounting
    procedure. This can be seen when you inflate the tire to operating
    pressure and spin the wheel. If the bead of the tire is not uniformly
    spaced from the rim, the tube is most likely wedged between tire bead
    and rim at the high location. This will eventually blow the tire off.

    Quite aside from that, tire cross section size has practically no
    effect on a tire's propensity to blow-off the rim. That is dependent
    on pressure and rim bead shape only. Separating force depends
    entirely on internal width of the rim and tire pressure. That effect
    is the same regardless of tire cross section.

    For descending steep roads where the ratio between braking and air
    speed (cooling) is poor, such as on rough roads that do not allow
    higher speeds than 15MPH, inflation pressure should be kept below 100
    psi to avoid tire blow-off. I often read of tires inflated to
    120-140psi and wonder what sort of steep, hard braking descents these
    riders experience, having seen and experienced plenty of blow-offs at
    100+psi on such descents. Tandems are special cases that should
    always have a hub brake to make such descents safe.

    Jobst Brandt
    [email hidden]

  5. Just to add I have been trying a couple of different makes and models
    of tires on a wheel and have noticed that some are quite tight with
    just 1 bead mounted, others I can fit a finger underneath. It seems
    there is considerable difference in manufacturers (possibly different
    models, same manufacturer?) tolerances for bead diameter.

    I will be sticking to tight tires from now on and see how I get on.
    Also I'm gonna stop using latex tubes because I feel it is easier for
    'tube inclusions' to occur.

    I'll let you know how I get on.
    Thanks

    On Mon, 10 May 2004 05:13:47 GMT, [email hidden]

    Quoted message said:
    Dan Oatandpolos said:

    I know about the warning from HED about certain clincher tires but
    would just like to add my experiences and ask if anybody knows what
    the answer is?

    Quoted message said:

    I have had a HED H3 clincher rear wheel for a few years now and this
    year bought a matching front.

    Quoted message said:

    I have had the rear tire blow off suddenly, causing a large bang a
    few times usually after an event.

    Quoted message said:

    However, today right after finishing a 25 mile TT the rear tire blew
    off the rim (with the usual large bang). The tire is a Vittoria evo
    KS (700c x 20). The tire seemed reasonably tight to get on the wheel
    (I have rime tape on this wheel too).

    Quoted message said:

    Anybody got any tips to avoid this as I really don't want it to
    happen at 35mph!

    You may be having typical tube inclusions in your tire mounting
    procedure. This can be seen when you inflate the tire to operating
    pressure and spin the wheel. If the bead of the tire is not uniformly
    spaced from the rim, the tube is most likely wedged between tire bead
    and rim at the high location. This will eventually blow the tire off.

    Quite aside from that, tire cross section size has practically no
    effect on a tire's propensity to blow-off the rim. That is dependent
    on pressure and rim bead shape only. Separating force depends
    entirely on internal width of the rim and tire pressure. That effect
    is the same regardless of tire cross section.

    For descending steep roads where the ratio between braking and air
    speed (cooling) is poor, such as on rough roads that do not allow
    higher speeds than 15MPH, inflation pressure should be kept below 100
    psi to avoid tire blow-off. I often read of tires inflated to
    120-140psi and wonder what sort of steep, hard braking descents these
    riders experience, having seen and experienced plenty of blow-offs at
    100+psi on such descents. Tandems are special cases that should
    always have a hub brake to make such descents safe.

    Jobst Brandt
    [email hidden]

  6. Dan Oatandpolos said:

    Just to add I have been trying a couple of different makes and
    models of tires on a wheel and have noticed that some are quite
    tight with just 1 bead mounted, others I can fit a finger
    underneath. It seems there is considerable difference in
    manufacturers (possibly different models, same manufacturer?)
    tolerances for bead diameter.

    Quoted message said:

    I will be sticking to tight tires from now on and see how I get on.
    Also I'm gonna stop using latex tubes because I feel it is easier
    for 'tube inclusions' to occur.

    Oops! This subject has been discussed here often enough and I and
    Damon Rinard performed tests to show that tire fit has little to do
    with retention with over inflation caused by brake heating. We both
    cut the steel bead wire in six or more places before mounting the tire
    on a rim. Inflation to normal running pressure did not dislodge the
    tire. Because the casing is damaged by this experiment, the tires were
    not ridden in that condition.

    Quoted message said:

    I'll let you know how I get on.

    That won't help much because such experimentation needs to have
    controls and a clear definition of what went into it. Just riding
    such a tire leaves this out in most (overwhelming majority of) cases.

    [email hidden]

  7. On Wed, 12 May 2004 21:54:33 +0100, oatsandpolos@(nospam)yahoo.com

    Quoted message said:


    On Mon, 10 May 2004 05:13:47 GMT, [email hidden]

    Quoted message said:

    For descending steep roads where the ratio between braking and air
    speed (cooling) is poor, such as on rough roads that do not allow
    higher speeds than 15MPH, inflation pressure should be kept below 100
    psi to avoid tire blow-off. I often read of tires inflated to
    120-140psi and wonder what sort of steep, hard braking descents these
    riders experience, having seen and experienced plenty of blow-offs at
    100+psi on such descents. Tandems are special cases that should
    always have a hub brake to make such descents safe.

    Jobst Brandt
    [email hidden]

    If a tyre has 100psi at 20C (68F), it need to get to about 80C (176F)
    to increase the pressure to 120psi. This seems unlikely as the tyre is
    cooled by conduction to the road surface. As the rim will probably
    always be hotter than the tyre under braking, thermal expansion
    shouldn't loosen the tyre fit either. Do you know why tyres blow off
    on descents? Is there a significant difference in failure rate
    depending on bead material? Does the valve stem lock the tyre to the
    rim at one point and the rest of the tyre creeps round the rim due to
    braking force? Just curious to know whether there is any rigorous
    research into failure mode and cause.

    Kinky Cowboy*

    *Batteries not included
    May contain traces of nuts
    Your milage may vary

  8. <[email hidden]> wrote in message
    news:[email hidden]...

    Quoted message said:

    Just riding
    such a tire leaves this out in most
    (overwhelming majority of) cases.


    ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

    LOL!

  9. On Thu, 13 May 2004 09:07:18 GMT, Kinky Cowboy <[email hidden]>

    Quoted message said:

    On Wed, 12 May 2004 21:54:33 +0100, oatsandpolos@(nospam)yahoo.com

    Quoted message said:


    On Mon, 10 May 2004 05:13:47 GMT, [email hidden]

    Quoted message said:

    For descending steep roads where the ratio between braking and air
    speed (cooling) is poor, such as on rough roads that do not allow
    higher speeds than 15MPH, inflation pressure should be kept below 100
    psi to avoid tire blow-off. I often read of tires inflated to
    120-140psi and wonder what sort of steep, hard braking descents these
    riders experience, having seen and experienced plenty of blow-offs at
    100+psi on such descents. Tandems are special cases that should
    always have a hub brake to make such descents safe.

    Jobst Brandt
    [email hidden]

    If a tyre has 100psi at 20C (68F), it need to get to about 80C (176F)
    to increase the pressure to 120psi. This seems unlikely as the tyre is
    cooled by conduction to the road surface. As the rim will probably
    always be hotter than the tyre under braking, thermal expansion
    shouldn't loosen the tyre fit either. Do you know why tyres blow off
    on descents? Is there a significant difference in failure rate
    depending on bead material? Does the valve stem lock the tyre to the
    rim at one point and the rest of the tyre creeps round the rim due to
    braking force? Just curious to know whether there is any rigorous
    research into failure mode and cause.

    Kinky Cowboy*

    *Batteries not included
    May contain traces of nuts
    Your milage may vary

    Dear Kinky,

    I assume that you're using the relative temperatures in degrees Kelvin
    to obtain a 100/120 psi ratio for termperatures 293/353 K, which seems
    to make sense.

    But the absolute effect of heat on gas pressure is greater at higher
    initial pressures. If a 100 psi tire goes to 120 psi, then a tire that
    started out at 125 psi goes to 150 psi. It's only a 5-pound
    difference, but with bicycle tires we tend to feel comfortable about
    100 to 120 psi, but start to worry when 125 psi rises to 150 psi.

    There may be another heat source. The brake pads heat up the rim on a
    descent, and that's what we notice. But the tire's contact patch is
    braking just as hard against the pavement and also rolling a steady
    bulge through the tire--it squashes out under braking load far more
    than just rolling freely along.

    These descents may also involve stretches of pavement hot enough to
    fry eggs on. Blacktop sitting in the sun all day is usually much
    warmer than the pleasant mountain breeze.

    The tire may also act as an insulator, trapping heat. Car tires
    running at much higher speeds with much higher loads have speed
    ratings related to expected temperatures. The car tires fail far more
    often in summer temperatures.

    It's possible that the blow-offs are due not just to higher pressure,
    but also o the tires themselves deteriorating at the higher
    temperatures, the bead material question that you raise.

    Thanks for asking an interesting question.

    Carl Fogel

  10. On Thu, 13 May 2004 09:07:18 GMT, Kinky Cowboy <[email hidden]>

    Quoted message said:

    On Wed, 12 May 2004 21:54:33 +0100, oatsandpolos@(nospam)yahoo.com

    Quoted message said:


    On Mon, 10 May 2004 05:13:47 GMT, [email hidden]

    Quoted message said:

    For descending steep roads where the ratio between braking and air
    speed (cooling) is poor, such as on rough roads that do not allow
    higher speeds than 15MPH, inflation pressure should be kept below 100
    psi to avoid tire blow-off. I often read of tires inflated to
    120-140psi and wonder what sort of steep, hard braking descents these
    riders experience, having seen and experienced plenty of blow-offs at
    100+psi on such descents. Tandems are special cases that should
    always have a hub brake to make such descents safe.

    Jobst Brandt
    [email hidden]

    If a tyre has 100psi at 20C (68F), it need to get to about 80C (176F)
    to increase the pressure to 120psi. This seems unlikely as the tyre is
    cooled by conduction to the road surface. As the rim will probably
    always be hotter than the tyre under braking, thermal expansion
    shouldn't loosen the tyre fit either. Do you know why tyres blow off
    on descents? Is there a significant difference in failure rate
    depending on bead material? Does the valve stem lock the tyre to the
    rim at one point and the rest of the tyre creeps round the rim due to
    braking force? Just curious to know whether there is any rigorous
    research into failure mode and cause.

    Kinky Cowboy*

    *Batteries not included
    May contain traces of nuts
    Your milage may vary

    Dear Kinky,

    Oops, I forgot one point.

    While we think of the pavement as cooling the tire off by conduction,
    we (or at least I) tend to forget that only the contact between the
    tire and the pavement is the contact patch, which is tiny in relation
    to the surface and mass of the tire.

    As an analogy, imagine a sweaty athlete trying to cool off on a hot
    day by sliding a single ice cube over his body, or someone trying to
    stay warm on a winter day by running a hot chestnut over his
    epidermis.

    Carl Fogel

  11. anonymous snipes:

    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:

    For descending steep roads where the ratio between braking and air
    speed (cooling) is poor, such as on rough roads that do not allow
    higher speeds than 15MPH, inflation pressure should be kept below
    100 psi to avoid tire blow-off. I often read of tires inflated to
    120-140psi and wonder what sort of steep, hard braking descents
    these riders experience, having seen and experienced plenty of
    blow-offs at 100+psi on such descents. Tandems are special cases
    that should always have a hub brake to make such descents safe.

    Quoted message said:

    If a tyre has 100psi at 20C (68F), it need to get to about 80C
    (176F) to increase the pressure to 120psi. This seems unlikely as
    the tyre is cooled by conduction to the road surface. As the rim
    will probably always be hotter than the tyre under braking, thermal
    expansion shouldn't loosen the tyre fit either. Do you know why
    tyres blow off on descents? Is there a significant difference in
    failure rate depending on bead material? Does the valve stem lock
    the tyre to the rim at one point and the rest of the tyre creeps
    round the rim due to braking force? Just curious to know whether
    there is any rigorous research into failure mode and cause.

    Descending a mountain pass with a series of hairpin turns after having
    descended snowfields and crossing creeks while approaching the first
    hairpin turn I noticed that I had a leak in my front tire by the
    hissing pss-pss-pss... as the wheel rotated. Since it wasn't flat yet
    I continued after the turn to find a good spot to fix the tire and
    noticed that it had not lost significant air and was no longer audibly
    leaking. After repeating that routine a couple of times, I braked to
    a stop on a straight section and found that what I heard was steam
    coming from around the stem, the only place where it could escape
    easily.

    This event makes clear what temperatures are generated and how fast
    they rise and fall while and after braking. As I said, I have
    observed blow-offs on my own bicycle from braking and ones on riders
    with whom I rode in areas where this presents a problem. If you need
    more information on this, talk to tandem tourists who have descended
    the Alps. I have been involved in a blow-off tandem law suit where
    the rider claimed the rear wheel was faulty and that is why the tire
    came off even though he used only the rear brake after a longer ride.

    On such rides I also discovered how poorly rim brakes work when wet,
    wetter than when riding in rain. With snow packed on the rim inside
    circumference, even moderate braking returns only after all snow has
    melted from the rim. A continuous water supply to the braking surface
    reduces braking to near nothing, something that is not apparent when
    just riding in rain where only partial wetting of the rim occurs.

    Jobst Brandt
    [email hidden]

  12. Carl Fogel said:
    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:

    For descending steep roads where the ratio between braking and air
    speed (cooling) is poor, such as on rough roads that do not allow
    higher speeds than 15MPH, inflation pressure should be kept below 100
    psi to avoid tire blow-off. I often read of tires inflated to
    120-140psi and wonder what sort of steep, hard braking descents these
    riders experience, having seen and experienced plenty of blow-offs at
    100+psi on such descents. Tandems are special cases that should
    always have a hub brake to make such descents safe.

    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:

    If a tyre has 100psi at 20C (68F), it need to get to about 80C
    (176F) to increase the pressure to 120psi. This seems unlikely as
    the tyre is cooled by conduction to the road surface. As the rim
    will probably always be hotter than the tyre under braking, thermal
    expansion shouldn't loosen the tyre fit either. Do you know why
    tyres blow off on descents? Is there a significant difference in
    failure rate depending on bead material? Does the valve stem lock
    the tyre to the rim at one point and the rest of the tyre creeps
    round the rim due to braking force? Just curious to know whether
    there is any rigorous research into failure mode and cause.

    Quoted message said:

    I assume that you're using the relative temperatures in degrees
    Kelvin to obtain a 100/120 psi ratio for termperatures 293/353 K,
    which seems to make sense.

    Quoted message said:

    But the absolute effect of heat on gas pressure is greater at higher
    initial pressures. If a 100 psi tire goes to 120 psi, then a tire
    that started out at 125 psi goes to 150 psi. It's only a 5-pound
    difference, but with bicycle tires we tend to feel comfortable about
    100 to 120 psi, but start to worry when 125 psi rises to 150 psi.

    Quoted message said:

    There may be another heat source. The brake pads heat up the rim on
    a descent, and that's what we notice. But the tire's contact patch
    is braking just as hard against the pavement and also rolling a
    steady bulge through the tire--it squashes out under braking load
    far more than just rolling freely along.

    I think you can dump that concept because even a freshly blown-off
    tire is not hot to the touch on the tread... or anywhere else. My
    latest experience with that was descending Grosse Scheidegg to
    Grindelwald with some of the most famous mountains and glaciers
    arrayed in front of me. My friend stopped to take pictures so I
    waited for him riding the rear brake over the lever hood at less than
    10mph when BAM! the tire that I had previously ridden over steep
    curving descents blew off. The tire wasn't even noticeably warm as I
    changed the tube. Rubber doesn't gain much heat while rolling, and
    even with brakes applied, they aren't skidding or tires would not last
    3000miles.

    Quoted message said:

    These descents may also involve stretches of pavement hot enough to
    fry eggs on. Blacktop sitting in the sun all day is usually much
    warmer than the pleasant mountain breeze.

    My experience has been in the mountains where the roads are cold and
    often in the shade. This is grasping for straws. An inflated tube
    pressed against a hot aluminum rim will heat the enclosed air. Those
    who have toured much can verify that this occurs and that tires
    blow-off.

    Quoted message said:

    The tire may also act as an insulator, trapping heat. Car tires
    running at much higher speeds with much higher loads have speed
    ratings related to expected temperatures. The car tires fail far
    more often in summer temperatures.

    I haven't had a car tire fail in so many years that I can't recall
    whether I ever had one. That is not a good statistical model. I
    don't know of any acquaintances who have had flats on their cars
    either.

    Quoted message said:

    It's possible that the blow-offs are due not just to higher pressure,
    but also o the tires themselves deteriorating at the higher
    temperatures, the bead material question that you raise.

    Why do you try to divert attention from the principal source of such
    failures? This is not a safe thing to do. People should know that
    riding the brake down a hill can cause tire failure and that inflation
    pressures as we often hear about here are dangerous for anyone who
    rides hills that require braking.

    Quoted message said:

    Thanks for asking an interesting question.

    I don't think the answer was any help.

    Jobst Brandt
    [email hidden]

  13. <[email hidden]> wrote in message
    news:[email hidden]...

    Quoted message said:

    Dear Kinky,

    Oops, I forgot one point.

    While we think of the pavement as cooling the tire off by conduction,
    we (or at least I) tend to forget that only the contact between the
    tire and the pavement is the contact patch, which is tiny in relation
    to the surface and mass of the tire.

    As an analogy, imagine a sweaty athlete trying to cool off on a hot
    day by sliding a single ice cube over his body, or someone trying to
    stay warm on a winter day by running a hot chestnut over his
    epidermis.

    <alt.religion.kibology>

    Your kink is not OK!

    </alt.religion.kibology>

    If you'd been responding to anyone except Kinky I might have been able to
    resist....

  14. <[email hidden]> wrote

    Quoted message said:


    Descending a mountain pass with a series of hairpin turns after having
    descended snowfields and crossing creeks while approaching the first
    hairpin turn I noticed that I had a leak in my front tire by the
    hissing pss-pss-pss... as the wheel rotated. Since it wasn't flat yet
    I continued after the turn to find a good spot to fix the tire and
    noticed that it had not lost significant air and was no longer audibly
    leaking. After repeating that routine a couple of times, I braked to
    a stop on a straight section and found that what I heard was steam
    coming from around the stem, the only place where it could escape
    easily.

    This event makes clear what temperatures are generated and how fast
    they rise and fall while and after braking. As I said, I have
    observed blow-offs on my own bicycle from braking and ones on riders
    with whom I rode in areas where this presents a problem. If you need
    more information on this, talk to tandem tourists who have descended
    the Alps. I have been involved in a blow-off tandem law suit where
    the rider claimed the rear wheel was faulty and that is why the tire
    came off even though he used only the rear brake after a longer ride.

    Would you be kind enough to give a little more information on the mechanism
    for the blow-off? I understand that heavy braking causes the rim to get very
    hot. But is it simply the increased air pressure that blows off the tire?
    How high does the pressure have to get before a tire blows off? I could try
    it by putting a couple of cartridges of CO2 in a wheel but, for some reason,
    don't feel like it. Would a steel bead keep it on better than a composite
    bead? Is it possible that differential thermal expansion is a contributing
    factor? I know that rubber and some composites have relatively high
    coefficients of thermal expansion.

    I had a blow-off only once and that was just after a panic stop at a
    stoplight. I could not believe how loud it was.

  15. <[email hidden]> wrote in message
    news:[email hidden]...

    Quoted message said:

    anonymous snipes:

    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:

    For descending steep roads where the ratio between braking


    and air

    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:

    speed (cooling) is poor, such as on rough roads that do not


    allow

    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:

    higher speeds than 15MPH, inflation pressure should be kept


    below

    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:

    100 psi to avoid tire blow-off. I often read of tires


    inflated to

    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:

    120-140psi and wonder what sort of steep, hard braking


    descents

    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:

    these riders experience, having seen and experienced plenty


    of

    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:

    blow-offs at 100+psi on such descents. Tandems are special


    cases

    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:

    that should always have a hub brake to make such descents


    safe.

    Quoted message said:


    Quoted message said:

    If a tyre has 100psi at 20C (68F), it need to get to about


    80C

    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:

    (176F) to increase the pressure to 120psi. This seems


    unlikely as

    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:

    the tyre is cooled by conduction to the road surface. As the


    rim

    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:

    will probably always be hotter than the tyre under braking,


    thermal

    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:

    expansion shouldn't loosen the tyre fit either. Do you know


    why

    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:

    tyres blow off on descents? Is there a significant


    difference in

    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:

    failure rate depending on bead material? Does the valve stem


    lock

    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:

    the tyre to the rim at one point and the rest of the tyre


    creeps

    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:

    round the rim due to braking force? Just curious to know


    whether

    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:

    there is any rigorous research into failure mode and cause.

    Descending a mountain pass with a series of hairpin turns after


    having

    Quoted message said:

    descended snowfields and crossing creeks while approaching the


    first

    Quoted message said:

    hairpin turn I noticed that I had a leak in my front tire by


    the

    Quoted message said:

    hissing pss-pss-pss... as the wheel rotated. Since it wasn't


    flat yet

    Quoted message said:

    I continued after the turn to find a good spot to fix the tire


    and

    Quoted message said:

    noticed that it had not lost significant air and was no longer


    audibly

    Quoted message said:

    leaking. After repeating that routine a couple of times, I


    braked to

    Quoted message said:

    a stop on a straight section and found that what I heard was


    steam

    Quoted message said:

    coming from around the stem, the only place where it could


    escape

    Quoted message said:

    easily.

    This event makes clear what temperatures are generated and how


    fast

    Quoted message said:

    they rise and fall while and after braking. As I said, I have
    observed blow-offs on my own bicycle from braking and ones on


    riders

    Quoted message said:

    with whom I rode in areas where this presents a problem. If


    you need

    Quoted message said:

    more information on this, talk to tandem tourists who have


    descended

    Quoted message said:

    the Alps. I have been involved in a blow-off tandem law suit


    where

    Quoted message said:

    the rider claimed the rear wheel was faulty and that is why the


    tire

    Quoted message said:

    came off even though he used only the rear brake after a longer


    ride.

    Quoted message said:


    On such rides I also discovered how poorly rim brakes work when


    wet,

    Quoted message said:

    wetter than when riding in rain. With snow packed on the rim


    inside

    Quoted message said:

    circumference, even moderate braking returns only after all


    snow has

    Quoted message said:

    melted from the rim. A continuous water supply to the braking


    surface

    Quoted message said:

    reduces braking to near nothing, something that is not apparent


    when

    Quoted message said:

    just riding in rain where only partial wetting of the rim


    occurs.

    Sounds like an argument for disk brakes. -- Jay Beattie.

  16. On Thu, 13 May 2004 19:52:38 GMT, [email hidden]

    Quoted message said:
    Carl Fogel said:
    Quoted message said:

    > For descending steep roads where the ratio between braking and air
    > speed (cooling) is poor, such as on rough roads that do not allow
    > higher speeds than 15MPH, inflation pressure should be kept below 100
    > psi to avoid tire blow-off. I often read of tires inflated to
    > 120-140psi and wonder what sort of steep, hard braking descents these
    > riders experience, having seen and experienced plenty of blow-offs at
    > 100+psi on such descents. Tandems are special cases that should
    > always have a hub brake to make such descents safe.

    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:

    If a tyre has 100psi at 20C (68F), it need to get to about 80C
    (176F) to increase the pressure to 120psi. This seems unlikely as
    the tyre is cooled by conduction to the road surface. As the rim
    will probably always be hotter than the tyre under braking, thermal
    expansion shouldn't loosen the tyre fit either. Do you know why
    tyres blow off on descents? Is there a significant difference in
    failure rate depending on bead material? Does the valve stem lock
    the tyre to the rim at one point and the rest of the tyre creeps
    round the rim due to braking force? Just curious to know whether
    there is any rigorous research into failure mode and cause.

    Quoted message said:

    I assume that you're using the relative temperatures in degrees
    Kelvin to obtain a 100/120 psi ratio for termperatures 293/353 K,
    which seems to make sense.

    Quoted message said:

    But the absolute effect of heat on gas pressure is greater at higher
    initial pressures. If a 100 psi tire goes to 120 psi, then a tire
    that started out at 125 psi goes to 150 psi. It's only a 5-pound
    difference, but with bicycle tires we tend to feel comfortable about
    100 to 120 psi, but start to worry when 125 psi rises to 150 psi.

    Quoted message said:

    There may be another heat source. The brake pads heat up the rim on
    a descent, and that's what we notice. But the tire's contact patch
    is braking just as hard against the pavement and also rolling a
    steady bulge through the tire--it squashes out under braking load
    far more than just rolling freely along.

    I think you can dump that concept because even a freshly blown-off
    tire is not hot to the touch on the tread... or anywhere else. My
    latest experience with that was descending Grosse Scheidegg to
    Grindelwald with some of the most famous mountains and glaciers
    arrayed in front of me. My friend stopped to take pictures so I
    waited for him riding the rear brake over the lever hood at less than
    10mph when BAM! the tire that I had previously ridden over steep
    curving descents blew off. The tire wasn't even noticeably warm as I
    changed the tube. Rubber doesn't gain much heat while rolling, and
    even with brakes applied, they aren't skidding or tires would not last
    3000miles.

    Quoted message said:

    These descents may also involve stretches of pavement hot enough to
    fry eggs on. Blacktop sitting in the sun all day is usually much
    warmer than the pleasant mountain breeze.

    My experience has been in the mountains where the roads are cold and
    often in the shade. This is grasping for straws. An inflated tube
    pressed against a hot aluminum rim will heat the enclosed air. Those
    who have toured much can verify that this occurs and that tires
    blow-off.

    Quoted message said:

    The tire may also act as an insulator, trapping heat. Car tires
    running at much higher speeds with much higher loads have speed
    ratings related to expected temperatures. The car tires fail far
    more often in summer temperatures.

    I haven't had a car tire fail in so many years that I can't recall
    whether I ever had one. That is not a good statistical model. I
    don't know of any acquaintances who have had flats on their cars
    either.

    Quoted message said:

    It's possible that the blow-offs are due not just to higher pressure,
    but also o the tires themselves deteriorating at the higher
    temperatures, the bead material question that you raise.

    Why do you try to divert attention from the principal source of such
    failures? This is not a safe thing to do. People should know that
    riding the brake down a hill can cause tire failure and that inflation
    pressures as we often hear about here are dangerous for anyone who
    rides hills that require braking.

    Quoted message said:

    Thanks for asking an interesting question.

    I don't think the answer was any help.

    Jobst Brandt
    [email hidden]

    Dear Jobst,

    Are you suggesting then that the rim heats up from braking, the hot
    rim heats the air insulated by the thin rubber inner tube and any rim
    strip, and the thicker outer tire acts as an insulator, remaining much
    cooler?

    That is, where does the heat come from and where does it go? Is just
    as much energy going into the pavement/contact-patch as into the
    rim/brake-pad patch under steady braking? Does contact with the ground
    cool the tire significantly?

    Your example of a blow-off was at low speed, under 10 mph, but your
    scenic description didn't specify whether it was the front tire. (I
    assume so, since that's what does most of the braking and you mention
    riding the rear brake, which might imply no front brake use.).

    Is this the common scenario, with a hot rim rolling slowly under no
    braking to blow the rim off? Why does the pressure rise so
    dramatically after no further braking was generating heat? Or would it
    have blown off anyway in another few moments if you'd kept descending?

    How hot does the rim get and what would the pressure increase be? Is
    the original example of 100 psi rising to 120 psi what you would
    expect? Would such a rise blow your tires off?

    I still find Kinky's question interesting and still don't know the
    answer, so I hope that you'll think it through and come up with a
    helpful answer.

    Expectantly,

    Carl Fogel

  17. Alfred Ryder said:
    Quoted message said:

    Descending a mountain pass with a series of hairpin turns after
    having descended snowfields and crossing creeks while approaching
    the first hairpin turn I noticed that I had a leak in my front tire
    by the hissing pss-pss-pss... as the wheel rotated. Since it
    wasn't flat yet I continued after the turn to find a good spot to
    fix the tire and noticed that it had not lost significant air and
    was no longer audibly leaking. After repeating that routine a
    couple of times, I braked to a stop on a straight section and found
    that what I heard was steam coming from around the stem, the only
    place where it could escape easily.

    Quoted message said:
    Quoted message said:

    This event makes clear what temperatures are generated and how fast
    they rise and fall while and after braking. As I said, I have
    observed blow-offs on my own bicycle from braking and ones on
    riders with whom I rode in areas where this presents a problem. If
    you need more information on this, talk to tandem tourists who have
    descended the Alps. I have been involved in a blow-off tandem law
    suit where the rider claimed the rear wheel was faulty and that is
    why the tire came off even though he used only the rear brake after
    a longer ride.

    Quoted message said:

    Would you be kind enough to give a little more information on the
    mechanism for the blow-off? I understand that heavy braking causes
    the rim to get very hot. But is it simply the increased air
    pressure that blows off the tire?

    Yes. That's it. Having had such occurrences and having replaced the
    tube in the same tire to continue riding for a long distance
    thereafter, I am sure there is nothing else significantly involved.
    In fact once two of us were descending a steep dirt road at the same
    speed except that my friend had that morning inflated his tires to
    just over 100psi while mine were no more than 100psi (I'm also the
    heavier rider). His tire blew off, probably because he was not as
    careful to use both brakes as I was, because I recognized the descent
    as a heating hazard while he did not, not having had this experience
    before.

    Quoted message said:

    How high does the pressure have to get before a tire blows off? I
    could try it by putting a couple of cartridges of CO2 in a wheel
    but, for some reason, don't feel like it. Would a steel bead keep
    it on better than a composite bead?

    No. As I explained, the tire is held in place by the clinch, not the
    constriction of the bead wire or Kevlar. Besides, All the tires I
    have witnessed blowing off were steel beaded tires.

    Quoted message said:

    Is it possible that differential thermal expansion is a contributing
    factor? I know that rubber and some composites have relatively high
    coefficients of thermal expansion.

    Try grasping your wheel after a hard stop on a steep grade and beware
    that you will burn the skin off your fingers if you do so. Rims cool
    amazingly fast as soon as the bicycle is allowed to coast above 20mph.
    It is even faster if there is water in the rim, but even that reaches
    boiling temperatures rapidly.

    Quoted message said:

    I had a blow-off only once and that was just after a panic stop at a
    stop light. I could not believe how loud it was.

    Yes, it is convincing.

    Jobst Brandt
    [email hidden]

  18. Jay Beattie said:

    Sounds like an argument for disk brakes.

    Interesting that you bring that up. I am unwilling to load my bicycle
    with the extra weight and complexity to try it but I have considered
    the heat I have observed. I cannot imagine that the typical disc we
    see on bicycles today, weighing only a few 100 grams, can absorb the
    energy required without collapsing and initiating brake failure. A
    crumpled disk is a certain endo that I am unwilling to test, even if I
    were offered such a bicycle before a descent.

    The flimsy perforated disks offered today are a mere lacework of thin
    steel that is easily deformable at room temperature and easily
    collapsible at yellow heat, which it would achieve on descending roads
    I have encountered on my rides.

    In the summer:

    http://tinyurl.com/pd86

    now:

    http://jpeg.popso.it/webcam/webcam_online/image11.jpg

    Note that this CAM is 9hrs earlier than PDT or 6hrs from EDT.

    The plows have finally come. The Giro d'Italia is due soon so the
    road must be open here and over the Gavia.

    Jobst Brandt
    [email hidden]

  19. Carl Fogel said:

    Are you suggesting then that the rim heats up from braking, the hot
    rim heats the air insulated by the thin rubber inner tube and any
    rim strip, and the thicker outer tire acts as an insulator,
    remaining much cooler?

    It is more than a suggestion. I have observed enough blow-offs and
    talked to tandem tourists who have had to go to drum and disc rear
    brakes to avoid overheating the air in their tires.

    Quoted message said:

    That is, where does the heat come from and where does it go? Is
    just as much energy going into the pavement/contact-patch as into
    the rim/brake-pad patch under steady braking? Does contact with the
    ground cool the tire significantly?

    As I suggested in a related message, next time you are descending a
    steep road at speed, bring your bicycle to a stop using the front
    brake only and grasp the tire and rim.. carefully, to appreciate the
    temperature.

    Quoted message said:

    Your example of a blow-off was at low speed, under 10 mph, but your
    scenic description didn't specify whether it was the front tire. (I
    assume so, since that's what does most of the braking and you mention
    riding the rear brake, which might imply no front brake use.).

    As I said, it was the rear tire and I merely braked with one hand over
    the lever hood keeping the bicycle at just over walking speed as I
    waited or my friend. It never occurred to me that this would blow
    off the tire, having descended this road many times without incident
    with many others.

    Quoted message said:

    Is this the common scenario, with a hot rim rolling slowly under no
    braking to blow the rim off?

    Who said anything about "no braking"?????

    Quoted message said:

    Why does the pressure rise so dramatically after no further braking
    was generating heat? Or would it have blown off anyway in another
    few moments if you'd kept descending?

    Quoted message said:

    How hot does the rim get and what would the pressure increase be?
    Is the original example of 100 psi rising to 120 psi what you would
    expect? Would such a rise blow your tires off?

    Much more than that.

    Quoted message said:

    I still find Kinky's question interesting and still don't know the
    answer, so I hope that you'll think it through and come up with a
    helpful answer.

    You gotta read more carefully Carl.

    Jobst Brandt
    [email hidden]

  20. On Fri, 14 May 2004 04:42:58 GMT, [email hidden]

    Quoted message said:
    Carl Fogel said:

    Are you suggesting then that the rim heats up from braking, the hot
    rim heats the air insulated by the thin rubber inner tube and any
    rim strip, and the thicker outer tire acts as an insulator,
    remaining much cooler?

    It is more than a suggestion. I have observed enough blow-offs and
    talked to tandem tourists who have had to go to drum and disc rear
    brakes to avoid overheating the air in their tires.

    Quoted message said:

    That is, where does the heat come from and where does it go? Is
    just as much energy going into the pavement/contact-patch as into
    the rim/brake-pad patch under steady braking? Does contact with the
    ground cool the tire significantly?

    As I suggested in a related message, next time you are descending a
    steep road at speed, bring your bicycle to a stop using the front
    brake only and grasp the tire and rim.. carefully, to appreciate the
    temperature.

    Quoted message said:

    Your example of a blow-off was at low speed, under 10 mph, but your
    scenic description didn't specify whether it was the front tire. (I
    assume so, since that's what does most of the braking and you mention
    riding the rear brake, which might imply no front brake use.).

    As I said, it was the rear tire and I merely braked with one hand over
    the lever hood keeping the bicycle at just over walking speed as I
    waited or my friend. It never occurred to me that this would blow
    off the tire, having descended this road many times without incident
    with many others.

    Quoted message said:

    Is this the common scenario, with a hot rim rolling slowly under no
    braking to blow the rim off?

    Who said anything about "no braking"?????

    Quoted message said:

    Why does the pressure rise so dramatically after no further braking
    was generating heat? Or would it have blown off anyway in another
    few moments if you'd kept descending?

    Quoted message said:

    How hot does the rim get and what would the pressure increase be?
    Is the original example of 100 psi rising to 120 psi what you would
    expect? Would such a rise blow your tires off?

    Much more than that.

    Quoted message said:

    I still find Kinky's question interesting and still don't know the
    answer, so I hope that you'll think it through and come up with a
    helpful answer.

    You gotta read more carefully Carl.

    Jobst Brandt
    [email hidden]

    Dear Jobst,

    "My friend stopped to take pictures so I waited for him riding the
    rear brake over the lever hood at less than 10mph when BAM!"

    Actually, you never do say which tire went BAM! Some of us would
    assume that the front tire is the one that would heat up on a descent.
    We weren't there. The lever hood is a nice detail, but you gotta write
    more clearly, Jobst. (After all, you were surprised.)

    As another example of how easily things may be mis-read, what does the
    end of this sentence mean?

    " It never occurred to me that this would blow off the tire, having
    descended this road many times without incident with many others."

    Many others? What others?

    Many other tires? (Well, obviously. Descending without tires would be
    tricky.)

    Other friends? (Seems unlikely, but perhaps the point is that many
    other riders had no tire trouble.)

    Other brands of tires? (Possibly, but stretching.)

    You know what you meant, of course, but I don't. A single word would
    probably clear it up. Or maybe removing the last three words would
    still say what you meant. Or it could easily be something that I
    haven't guessed. Or even just a word processor editing oops.

    Quick writing about vivid events is often like this--we can't believe
    that the reader failed to follow us, while they're left wondering what
    on earth we meant. You can't imagine how I could think it was your
    front tire, while I can't figure out which one you meant.

    Leaving clarity theory aside, you say that it never occurred to you
    that this would blow the tire off. So what's the explanation? I seem
    to recall that you've suggested that prolonged low-speed braking is
    worse than high-speed descent because there's less air cooling of the
    rim, but I may have misunderstood you.

    Was this a prolonged low-speed descent? You say that you'd slowed down
    for a friend, but for how long? A minute or so? Ten minutes? A hundred
    yards, half a mile, a thousand feet of altitude?

    And where does the heat generated at the tire's contact patch go on a
    long descent with heavy braking? Into the pavement? The tire?
    Dissipated into the air? Or am I mistaken about as much heat being
    generated at the contact patch as at the brake pad?

    Carl Fogel

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