Article http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/06/060619133024.htm
states:
"The "apple" body shape that increases the risk of diabetes and heart
disease may be accelerated by eating trans fat such as partially
hydrogenated vegetable oil, according to new animal research at Wake
Forest University School of Medicine.
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"Diets rich in trans fat cause a redistribution of fat tissue into the
abdomen and lead to a higher body weight even when the total dietary
calories are controlled," said Lawrence L. Rudel, Ph.D., professor of
pathology and biochemistry and head of the Lipid Sciences Research
Program.
"What it says is that trans fat is worse than anticipated," Rudel
said. "I was surprised."
According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), consumption
of saturated fat, trans fat, and dietary cholesterol raises low-
density lipoprotein (LDL), or "bad" cholesterol, levels, which
increases the risk of coronary artery disease.
Kylie Kavanagh, D.V.M., presented the findings today at the 66th
annual Scientific Sessions of the American Diabetes Association in
Washington, D.C. She said that over six years, male monkeys fed a
western-style diet that contains trans fat had a 7.2 percent increase
in body weight, compared to a 1.8 percent increase in monkeys that ate
monounsaturated fats, such as olive oil.
All that extra weight went to the abdomen, and some other body fat was
redistributed to the abdomen. Computed tomography (CT) scans showed
that the monkeys on the diet containing trans fats had dramatically
more abdominal fat than the monkeys on the monounsaturated fat. "We
measured the volume of fat using CT," Kavanagh said. "They deposited
30 percent more fat in their abdomen."
The monkeys all were given the same amount of daily calories, with 35
percent of the calories coming from fat. The amount of calories they
got should only have been enough to maintain their weight, not
increase it, Rudel said. "We believed they couldn't get obese because
we did not give them enough calories to get fat."
One group of monkeys got 8 percent of their calories from trans fat
while the other group received those calories as monounsaturated fat.
The researchers said that this amount of trans fat is comparable to
people who eat a lot of fried food.
"We conclude that in equivalent diets, trans fatty acid consumption
increases weight gain," said Kavanagh.
Over the entire course of the study, there was a small but significant
difference in weight between the two groups. "In the world of
diabetes, everybody knows that just 5 percent weight loss makes
enormous difference," Kavanagh said. "This little difference was
biologically quite significant."
Rudel said, "The study was specifically funded to look at the role of
trans fatty acids in atherosclerosis."
He said that at the time he got a grant from the National Heart, Lung
and Blood Institute, there was not much evidence in the literature and
no animal models that documented the hazards of trans fats, though
there are data showing it was a risk factor for atherosclerosis.
Kavanagh said the six-year length of the study was equivalent to 20
years in people.
--
Ron