The relevance of "wax is for the city, lube is for the country" in modern cycling is questionable. While chain technology and lubricants have evolved, the core principle of wax being better for dry, clean conditions and lube for wet, dirty conditions remains valid. However, there are exceptions and nuances to consider.
Wax can be advantageous in off-road scenarios due to its superior resistance to dirt and debris. This can lead to less frequent maintenance and a cleaner drivetrain. However, it may not perform as well in muddy or extremely wet conditions, where a wet lube might be more suitable.
In urban environments, a wet lube can handle rain, road grime, and frequent stops better than wax. However, it attracts more dirt and requires more frequent cleaning, which can be a downside for those who prioritize a clean bike.
Key factors in choosing between wax and lube include the frequency of wet vs. dry conditions, the amount of maintenance you're willing to perform, and your preference for bike cleanliness.
New products and technologies have blurred the lines between wax and lube, offering features of both. For instance, some ceramic lubricants provide the durability of wax with the wet-condition performance of lube. Do your research, and choose the product that best fits your needs and preferences.