When considering the trade-offs between tubeless and tubed tires in terms of resistance to tire damage, what are the specific factors that contribute to the increased resilience of tubes, and how do these factors influence the overall performance and lifespan of the tire, particularly in scenarios where riders frequently encounter thorns, glass, or other sharp road debris? Does the inner tubes ability to absorb and distribute the force of impact more effectively than the liquid sealant used in tubeless setups play a significant role in this perceived increased resistance to damage, or are there other design or material characteristics at play? Additionally, are there any studies or data that directly compare the incidence of tire damage in tubeless vs. tubed setups under controlled conditions, and if so, what were the key findings and takeaways from these studies? How do the results of such studies inform the design and development of future tire technologies, and what are the implications for riders who prioritize durability and reliability in their tire choice?