What are the key physiological adaptations that occur in athletes who incorporate triathlon training into their regimen, and how do these adaptations contribute to improved overall athletic performance and resilience, particularly in terms of injury prevention and recovery? Specifically, are there any notable changes in cardiovascular function, muscular strength and endurance, or metabolic efficiency that can be attributed to the unique demands of triathlon training, and do these adaptations translate to improved performance in other athletic pursuits?