General fitness, health and nutrition · Public discussion

Running Cadence

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General fitness, health and nutrition
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16 August 2004
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19 August 2004
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ChronoFish
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  1. I know this debate comes up everyone once in awhile. I would like to
    not get into the debate but talk about some success that I've
    witnessed.

    For years I've been a hill striker. I walk like a duck, my feet spade
    out and when I run I enjoy taking advantage of my long legs. But I
    plateaued year after year at around a 7:10 mile (My best year was at a
    6:45). Not bad - not great.

    In the past I read in multiple sources that in general this was like
    "putting the breaks on" which made sense to me - I just didn't feel
    comfortable changing my stride. I read that ideally that you should
    run "flat" or on the "ball of your foot" rather than heel first. This
    part I just "didn't get". In fact I tried it with horrendous results.
    - Lots of pain within 5 minutes. Needless to say I gave up on this
    pretty quickly.

    So this year I began my year like every normal year. Trying to build
    up to the previous years 7:10/mile speed. In my quest for "training
    smarter not harder", and that little voice in my head telling me
    "Maybe it's your form" I began to research the stride issue again.

    This time instead of stride length I focused on cadence. This after
    reading that your ideal cadence should be around 90 foot strikes (180
    if you count both feet) per minute. This sounded reasonable
    considering the ideal cycling cadence is about 95 rpms.

    So instead of changing my foot strike I changed my turn-over. To my
    shock my I was immediately able to run 9 miles (my long runs are about
    12 miles and I figured changing running style would limit me). More
    shocking was that my last 6 miles was only 5-10 seconds off my best
    10k time which I posted just three week earlier. I've kept this "high
    cadence" training up - and found that it was particularly useful on
    hill training.

    Two weeks ago I ran my fastest (in recent history) 3 miles at a 6:45
    pace. This past weekend I beat that - in a triathlon no less -
    maintaining a 6:38 for 3 miles.

    The lesson learned (as applicable for me) was that I did not need to
    change my foot strike. I needed to change my cadence. My foot strike
    and gate adjusted naturally on it's own.

    Will I end up injured, well that remains to be seen. Will my times
    drop? I don't feel like I've found my limit yet - so I suspect they
    will. Should you try it? I'm not recommending that you do. But this
    seems to have worked for me.

    -CF

  2. The revelation you have come to is precisely what Dr. Romanov espouses with
    his Pose Method of Running (http://www.posetech.com/). In order to increase
    cadence, the biomechanics of running gait change more naturally when loading
    response is transferred away from the heel and towards the midfoot. This is
    not to say that one has to run on the balls of their feet, but that the
    weight acceptance of the movement shifts more so away from the heel, which
    can act as a brake otherwise. How you come about this neuromuscular
    re-education is variable but the results are essentially the same. Proper
    technique also has the benefit of diminishing ground reaction forces (GRF)
    absorbed by the kinetic chain and harnessed instead to facilitate movement
    (in particular, knee flexion). With decreased GRF to contend with, one can
    also ameliorate the deleterious effects of impact with running. Injuries and
    vulnerability to injuries improve. Life becomes happy. An increased desire
    to own a puppy is promoted. Yadda yadda.

    Hope this fills in some gaps.

    BOB, MSPT

    "ChronoFish" <[email hidden]> wrote in message
    news:[email hidden]...

    Quoted message said:

    I know this debate comes up everyone once in awhile. I would like to
    not get into the debate but talk about some success that I've
    witnessed.

    For years I've been a hill striker. I walk like a duck, my feet spade
    out and when I run I enjoy taking advantage of my long legs. But I
    plateaued year after year at around a 7:10 mile (My best year was at a
    6:45). Not bad - not great.

    In the past I read in multiple sources that in general this was like
    "putting the breaks on" which made sense to me - I just didn't feel
    comfortable changing my stride. I read that ideally that you should
    run "flat" or on the "ball of your foot" rather than heel first. This
    part I just "didn't get". In fact I tried it with horrendous results.
    - Lots of pain within 5 minutes. Needless to say I gave up on this
    pretty quickly.

    So this year I began my year like every normal year. Trying to build
    up to the previous years 7:10/mile speed. In my quest for "training
    smarter not harder", and that little voice in my head telling me
    "Maybe it's your form" I began to research the stride issue again.

    This time instead of stride length I focused on cadence. This after
    reading that your ideal cadence should be around 90 foot strikes (180
    if you count both feet) per minute. This sounded reasonable
    considering the ideal cycling cadence is about 95 rpms.

    So instead of changing my foot strike I changed my turn-over. To my
    shock my I was immediately able to run 9 miles (my long runs are about
    12 miles and I figured changing running style would limit me). More
    shocking was that my last 6 miles was only 5-10 seconds off my best
    10k time which I posted just three week earlier. I've kept this "high
    cadence" training up - and found that it was particularly useful on
    hill training.

    Two weeks ago I ran my fastest (in recent history) 3 miles at a 6:45
    pace. This past weekend I beat that - in a triathlon no less -
    maintaining a 6:38 for 3 miles.

    The lesson learned (as applicable for me) was that I did not need to
    change my foot strike. I needed to change my cadence. My foot strike
    and gate adjusted naturally on it's own.

    Will I end up injured, well that remains to be seen. Will my times
    drop? I don't feel like I've found my limit yet - so I suspect they
    will. Should you try it? I'm not recommending that you do. But this
    seems to have worked for me.

    -CF

  3. Bob Schroedter said:

    ameliorate the deleterious effects of impact

    The biggest word I know is wheelbarrow.

    Seriously though, this is very interesting.... thanks.

    Brad

  4. Brad Hubbard <[email hidden]> wrote in news:jPAUc.1460$R7.1256@news-
    server.bigpond.net.au:

    Quoted message said:
    Bob Schroedter said:

    ameliorate the deleterious effects of impact

    The biggest word I know is wheelbarrow.

    Seriously though, this is very interesting.... thanks.

    Brad

    sheeeeit, I had to git the dictonary just to know what thugh old boy was
    talkin about. Finally figured he ment it makes it softer i think.
    Van 🙂

  5. [[ This message was both posted and mailed: see
    the "To," "Cc," and "Newsgroups" headers for details. ]]

    In article <[email hidden]>,

    ChronoFish said:

    The lesson learned (as applicable for me) was that I did not need to
    change my foot strike. I needed to change my cadence. My foot strike
    and gate adjusted naturally on it's own.

    Will I end up injured, well that remains to be seen. Will my times
    drop? I don't feel like I've found my limit yet - so I suspect they
    will. Should you try it? I'm not recommending that you do. But this
    seems to have worked for me.

    -CF

    CF,

    What's marvelous about your experience is that you now realize that
    with a 180 cadence you can run a 5 minute mile or a 10 minute mile or
    any speed in between. The awareness is that the increase in speed is
    the lean from the ankle which will increase the stride length.

    The difference is that the foot placement (ball/heel or midsole or
    flat) receives less vertical impact as the center of gravity is already
    passing over the planted foot.

    Danny Dreyer's DVD on ChiRunning (chirunning.com) has him doing 180
    steps/minute in a 4 way split screen at 4 different speeds from slow to
    fast.

    I'll have to go back and read Romanov's book and watch his video. I
    believe that there is more about power and driving forward in the POSE
    method (posetech.com). Time Noakes and some of his South African
    researchers did a study using the POSE method. Good results. I
    believe that the subjects were trained for several hours over seveal
    days to learn the POSE Techniques.

    From Danny's approach and from my own experience of teaching the
    quicker cadence, the runner can experience the significant difference
    in impact and ease of running in an initial 2 to 3 hour class.

    Dreyer's approach is more focused on effortless. What I've shared with
    rec.running for almost 10 years is more in agreement with the concepts
    of ChiRunning.

    For me we all hold a piece of the truth. I'm pleased that you've found
    what works for you and have shared it with rec.running.

    You have added to the folklore of proper running form and style.

    Folklore: "If my folklore works for you, use it. If it doesn't,
    don't give my folklore or me any further emotion energy or thought.
    Simply continue on until you find someone who makes sense and whose
    folklore works for you. If you can't find anyone who can help or
    assist you, create your own folklore that works for you and share it.
    Especially share it with me so that I can see if it works better than
    my folklore. Then I can use it or share it with others as an
    alternative to my folklore." GAPO

    The basic assumption under sharing folklore is that everybody has a
    piece of the truth. Some can explain their truth better. Some people
    need that same truth explained, pictured, described, represented in
    another way that they understand. The good folklorist of running has a
    hundred different ways to share getting an idea or a concept across to
    the person asking about a running issue they are having.

    In health and on the run,
    Ozzie Gontang
    Director, San Diego Marathon Clinic, est. 1975
    Maintainer - rec.running FAQ
    http://www.faqs.org/faqs/running-faq/
    Mindful Running:
    http://www.mindfulness.com/mr.asp

    A dialogue between Steve Freides and myself back in 2000. Where I've
    changed my perspective is that in actual running the knee doesn't lift
    as much as in the exercise I show to relax the hamstring's
    neuromuscular connection when lifting the knee.

    Dreyer has an exercise of running in place with the hands on the front
    of the thighs so that the knees don't lift. From that exercise he has
    the runners lean forward and for the first time people get the sense of
    the erect lean of the body creating the movement.
    Ozzie

    ========================

    Walk Correctly, Think Correctly, Run Correctly: A Dialogue with Steve
    Freides
    c.2000 Austin "Ozzie" Gontang, Ph.D. and Steve Freides

    Steve,

    First the landing on the heel. Here's my spring loaded explanation.
    It's based on the fact that as you walk, your upper torso from about
    chest to crown of head is slightly behind your COG. Watch people walk
    and you'll see that the majority of them snap the lower leg forward
    from the knee so they actually hit on the backward movement of the foot
    as the back of the heel of the shoe hits the ground. That's the wear
    pattern you've described for your trainers. Anyway here's the exercise
    to try to break the neuromuscular pattern.

    Stand and lift one knee so the thigh is parallel to the ground. Notice
    that there is a high likelihood that the lower leg from knee to foot is
    bent back
    e.g. ________
    /
    /
    /
    /
    /
    \
    \

    relax the hamstring so that your leg looks like

    __________
    |
    |
    |
    |
    |
    \
    \

    It's a neuromuscular connection so once you can lift your knee and the
    lower leg hangs, you've trained the hamstring to relax. It will not be
    as spring loaded in your run and you should find that you land more on
    the heel of the foot which is about 1.5 to 2 inches infront of the back
    of the heel of the shoe.

    To train yourself to use your walking as you would run, standing tall,
    and looking with your eyes to the horizon, from the bottom of the
    sternum to the top of the head let your upper torso bend a quarter of
    an inch forward. Now walk across the floor. Now walk back with your
    upper torso that quarter of an inch back from where you put it. You
    will or should notice that you cannot land on the heel of the back of
    the shoe when you are that quarter of an inch forward.

    Steve, you keep using "toe." The reality is that if you follow the
    plumbline down through the body from the ear through the shoulder, hip,
    knee, ankle you'd see that the vector force is neither the heel or the
    ball of the foot, but a spot about 1.5 to 2 inches from the back of the
    heel of the foot. Pete Strudwick, a marathoner, engineer and author,
    ran with a slight deformity...well it was more than slight. Actually
    he was born without feet. So when he ran he had created somekind of
    leather or shoe like caps that he wore over his nubs where his feet
    should be. He was pretty fast.

    I have the book which he wrote somewhere in my library. That along
    with the yoga concept of "Eye of the Foot," that spot just in front of
    the actual heel bone. It is a spot that when kicked there can render
    someone unconscious. It's one of those pieces of knowledge that some
    policemen knew if they came across a drunk or someone sleeping on the
    streets.That spot is where the foot's fulcrum is and the shock waves
    are transmitted directly up the skeletal system to the skull where the
    brain bangs up against the skull...and there's no telltale sign of
    anything having happened.

    Notice that when you jump up you always come down ball heel. Not jump
    up just a quarter of an inch | | that distance between the two
    parallel lines and come down on your heels. You feel the jar up the
    body because there's not leaf spring effect as when you land ball heel
    and the knees bend as the quads act as shock absorbers. That jarring is
    pretty intense and shows you that to land on the heel of the back of
    the shoe as you do in your racers, you are decelerating ever so
    slightly.

    As a biker, you can get the same intuition by using your bike tire.
    Turn your bike over. With the fingers of your hand start to spin the
    tire. Now continue to spin it so that it stays at a constant rate.
    Notice that everytime your hand hits the tire it does so at the same
    speed the tire is moving. You can keep the wheel moving at a constant
    speed.

    If you spin the tire faster, the speed of the tire accelerates. So you
    have to keep spinning it at the speed its moving or slightly faster,
    overwise if you hit it just a little bit slower, you will experience
    your fingers decelerating the wheel. And if its going fast enough,
    you'll actually get a friction burn. That blister, that instant of pain
    sends a reflex action. You didn't even need to think about it. You may
    even say to yourself, that was dumb. But that's the brain talking and
    judging again...and not learning. Oh well, maybe another time.

    Now, the wheel is the earth. The fingers are your feet. Need I say
    more?

    Ozzie

    In article <[email hidden]>, Steve Freides <[email hidden]>

    Quoted message said:

    Ozzie, you make several interesting observations as they relate to me
    running.

    First, I'm an experienced cyclist who spends quite a bit of time on a
    fixed-gear - I'm a certifiable fixed-gear cycling nut case! While
    90-100 rpm, the lower of which matches exactly your 180
    footfalls/minute, is the usual recommended cadence for cycling, those of
    us who know the wonder of fixed gear (and some others, of course) can
    pedal _much_ faster. I've had my cadence on the bike in the 190 range,
    which is 380 footfalls/minutes, and routinely pedal between 120 and 160
    rpm during a fixed-gear ride, although most of the time I'm sure I'm in
    the 90-120 range.

    When I was out doing fast quarters and found my cadence to be up in the
    210 range, it felt great - I think it may be the way to go for me.

    Having said all that, I also observe that I've been thinking a lot about
    your idea of running as an extension of marching in place. The thought
    of it has helped me feel more fluid on the run - thanks! - but I'm still
    by no means landing on my toes. I can - and this was my point, really -
    land on my heels, and pretty hard at that, and do a fast cadence and a
    pretty high speed. I think there are at least some of us for whom
    landing ball then heel may be pretty hard to come by. I think weight
    and body build may have something to do with it - I'm 5'7-1/2" tall and
    weigh 152 pounds with 10% body fat, which is pretty lean, and I'm
    short-legged to boot, measuring 30.5" crotch-to-floor using the method
    used for fitting a bicycle (I buy pants with a 28" inseam when I can
    find them that way). I can lose a few more pounds but not many, and I'm
    not loaded with muscles, either. When I land on my toes, which I can do
    some of the time now, I feel like I'm asking small muscles to support a
    large weight and it doesn't feel like I'll ever be able to do it for
    more than a short while.

    I bought a pair of lighter trainers, New Balance 828's, to use instead
    of my usual NB 712's, and it's pretty funny to look at them after only
    about five runs, all speedwork. The heels look like they've been
    through World War III.

    I think what I need next is someone to actually watch me run. If anyone
    would like to suggest a relatively inexpensive (if there is such a
    thing) digital video camera or other way to get some video of me running
    onto a computer and then onto the Internet, I'd love to give that a try
    and post some clips for people here to see and comment on. In the
    meantime I've signed up to join my local running club, the North Jersey
    Masters.

    There what's best, then there's what's best for me, and it's hard to
    make sense of everything I'm hearing and bring it home and use it. The
    thoughts of leaning forward, of placing my leading foot underneath
    instead of in front, and of not bouncing up and down too much - all that
    continues to be very helpful.

    -S-

    Ozzie Gontang wrote, in part:

    Quoted message said:


    For an untrained runner not use to lifting the knees when running in place
    he or she lifts their COG. It is that lifting of the COG that increases
    the impact as the COG falling back down to earth is stopped by the foot.
    Their vertical movement makes it near impossible to do a cadence of 180
    steps/minute. If they can, and they weigh 150 pounds and lift themselves
    an inch more than the trained knee lifting minimally displacing runner,
    then every 12 steps they have lifted their body 150 foot-pounds and sent
    that jarring reverberation of impact up the leg as joints are compressed.

    My quick steps as form and style kind of runner has minimal vertical
    displacement when running in place because I can lift my knee of planted
    foot just as my lifted foot is landing.

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