There could well be more resistance in the new transmission because the bearing surfaces have not bedded in.
I once had a CBR600 that recorded 82bhp at the back wheel on a dyno, it then put down 86bhp immediately after having new chain and sprockets fitted. Efficiency of a new chain drive is often reported at 98% or more but old knackered drives are way, way below this.
Interesting about the big sprockets being more efficient because the chain bends less. So those compact chainrings on MTBs are harder work. Apart from a bit more weight it implies that scaling up front and rear cogs would be an improvement.