1: Am J Clin Nutr. 2003 Jan;77(1):257-65. Related Articles, Links
Milk intake during childhood and adolescence, adult bone density, and
osteoporotic fractures in US women.
Kalkwarf HJ, Khoury JC, Lanphear BP.
Division of General and Community Pediatrics, Children's Hospital Medical
Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, USA. [email hidden]
BACKGROUND: Calcium supplements increase bone mass in children, but the effect
does not persist once supplementation is discontinued. OBJECTIVE: The objective
of this study was to determine whether milk intake during childhood and
adolescence, when controlled for current calcium intake, is associated with
adult bone mass (ie, bone mineral content), bone mineral density, and the
incidence of osteoporotic fracture. DESIGN: We used data from the third National
Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 3251 non-Hispanic, white women age
Quoted message said:or=20 y. Bone density was measured at the hip. History of fracture of the hip,
spine, or forearm was classified as a lifetime fracture (occurring after age 13
y) or an osteoporotic fracture (occurring after age 50 y). Subjects reported
frequency of milk consumption during childhood (aged 5-12 y) and during
adolescence (aged 13-17 y). Regression models controlled for weight, height,
age, menopause and use of estrogen, physical activity, smoking, and current
calcium intake. RESULTS: Among women aged 20-49 y, bone mineral content was 5.6%
lower in those who consumed <1 serving of milk/wk (low intake) than in those who
consumed >1 serving/d (high intake) during childhood (P < 0.01). Low milk intake
during adolescence was associated with a 3% reduction in hip bone mineral
content and bone mineral density (P < 0.02). Among women aged >or=50 y, there
was a nonlinear association between milk intake during childhood and adolescence
and hip bone mineral content and bone mineral density (P < 0.04). Low milk
intake during childhood was associated with a 2-fold greater risk of fracture (P
< 0.05). CONCLUSION: Women with low milk intake during childhood and adolescence
have less bone mass in adulthood and greater risk of fracture.
PMID: 12499350 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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