<<snip>> oxidative stress is involved in pathomechanism of thyroid disease, e.g., Graves' disease,
goiter formation or thyroid cancer. <<snip>>
Neuroendocrinol Lett. 2003 Oct;24(5):293-303. Related Articles, Links
The role of oxidative stress in physiological and pathological processes in the thyroid gland;
possible involvement in pineal-thyroid interactions.
Karbownik M, Lewinski A.
Department of Endocrinology and Isotope Therapy, Medical University of Lodz; Poland.
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in physiological processes, but - when being in
excess - ROS cause oxidative damage to molecules. Under physiological conditions, the production and
detoxification of ROS are more-or-less balanced. Also in the thyroid, ROS and free radicals
participate in physiological and pathological processes in the gland. For example, hydrogen peroxide
(H2O2) is crucial for thyroid hormone biosynthesis, acting at different steps of the process.
Additionally, H2O2 is believed to participate in the Wolff-Chaikoff's effect, undergoing in
conditions of iodide excess in the thyroid. Much evidence has been accumulated indicating that
oxidative stress is involved in pathomechanism of thyroid disease, e.g., Graves' disease, goiter
formation or thyroid cancer. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) - the main secretory product
of the pineal gland
- is a well-known antioxidant and free radical scavenger, widely distributed in the organism. Mutual
relationships between the pineal gland and the thyroid have - for a long time - been a subject of
intensive research. The abundant to-date's evidence relates mostly to the inhibitory action of
melatonin on the thyroid growth and function and - to a lesser extent - to the stimulatory effects
of thyroid hormones on the pineal gland. It is highly probable that under physiological conditions
melatonin and, possibly, other antioxidants regulate ROS generation for thyroid hormone synthesis.
We believe that melatonin may protect against extensive oxidative damage in the course of certain
thyroid disorders or in case of a harmful action of some external factors on the thyroid. Thus,
oxidative damage and the protective action of antioxidants, melatonin included, may occur during
both physiological and pathological processes in the thyroid, however, this assumption, requires
further studies.
PMID: 14647000 [PubMed - in process]
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