Inhaled Steroids Could Contribute to Cataracts
By Amanda Gardner
HealthDay Reporter
Thursday, September 18, 2003
Thursday, Sept. 18 (HealthDayNews) - Researchers say they
have preliminary evidence that long-term use of inhaled
steroids for asthma may contribute to the formation of
cataracts.
The news, reported in the Sept. 20 issue of the British
Journal of Ophthalmology, is not entirely new. And some
experts are divided over the risk posed by steroids.
"Steroids administered systemically are well known to
cause cataracts," says Dr. Richard Bensinger, a spokesman
for the American Academy of Ophthalmology.
Dr. Robert Cykiert, a clinical associate professor at New
York University School of Medicine, says, "There have
been reports going back two to three years associating
inhaled steroids for patients who have asthma and
cataracts. The thing is, it's very rare. I've seen
thousands of patients who have taken inhaled steroids for
asthma and, of those I've had maybe two that have mild
cataracts."
Inhaled steroids are widely prescribed for asthma and
other respiratory problems, including allergies.
Cataracts are the number one cause of impaired vision and
blindness in the world.
The authors of the new study used data from the United
Kingdom's General Practice Research Database, which has
complete prescribing and diagnostic information for
almost 1.5 million patients in England and Wales.
All told, 15,479 people with cataracts and 15,479 people
without this condition were included in the study. The
average age of the participants was 75 years old and
about two-thirds were women.
In the group with cataracts, 11.4 percent had been
prescribed inhaled steroids, versus 7.6 percent of those
without cataracts.
The risk seemed to increase with higher dosages and long-
term use. People who took up to 400 micrograms per day
apparently had no increased risk, but those taking doses
higher than 1,600 micrograms per day had a 70 percent
increased risk.
For many people who need inhaled steroids, this may come
down to a choice between two illnesses.
"Doctors describe steroids as a wonderful awful drug,"
Bensinger says. "The effects are wonderful. They're
absolutely critical to the practice of medicine, but they
have a lot of undesirable effects."
Cataracts are one of those effects, but it's also one of
the most treatable conditions around. "Treatments are
extraordinarily successful," Bensinger says. "It's not a
big deal to go through. It's almost always local
anesthetic, so it's not to be feared."
Without steroids, some people with asthma may not live
long enough to develop cataracts, he adds.
There are also ways to limit absorption of steroids in
the body, something which is not mentioned in the study.
"We have patients wash out their mouth or brush their
teeth after using steroids to limit systemic absorption,"
says Dr. Robert Giusti, director of the Cystic Fibrosis
Center at Long Island College Hospital in New York City.
There are also second-generation inhaled steroids that
are cleared by the liver. The study seems to have looked
at earlier drugs that do not have this advantage, Giusti
adds.
If nothing else, the study seems to be an argument for
taking the lowest dose possible for the shortest time
possible.
"I have no doubt in my mind [that inhaled steroids lead
to cataracts] from a clinical practice," says Dr. Rajiv
Luthra, an ophthalmologist and epidemiologist at the
Ochsner Clinic Foundation in New Orleans. "If it's taken
on a constant basis, which is every day or every other
day for months to years, it will cause a problem."
More information
The National Eye Institute has more information on
cataracts.
The Asthma Society of Canada has more on inhaled steroids and asthma.
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