I feel you on this one. Derailleur troubles, sure, they're a pain. But more often than not, it's that dang chain causing issues. People overlook it, think it's still good when it's not.
You mentioned ghost shifting - yeah, cable tension and limits are crucial. But if those check out, don't forget your shifter indexing. That's another common culprit.
And when it comes to skipped gears, yeah, inspect the cassette and chain for wear. But also take a gander at your jockey wheels. Worn-out jockey wheels can cause skipping too.
As for dropped chains, limit screws, tension, cage alignment - you got that right. But I'd add B-tension screw adjustment to your list. It can help prevent dropped chains, especially under load.
So, before you start pointing fingers at the derailleur, give the chain a good once-over. It's usually the chain, folks. Always rule out the obvious before diving into the complex.