How different hydration strategies affect power output during long Zone 2 rides remains a topic of interest. What are the implications of a pre-ride hyperhydration strategy versus ad libitum drinking on power output during a 3-4 hour Zone 2 ride, considering the trade-off between increased blood volume and potential gastrointestinal distress? Does the type of fluid consumed, such as water, a sports drink, or a combination of both, impact power output over the course of the ride? Are there any differences in how these hydration strategies affect power output in varying environmental conditions, such as high temperatures and humidity? Additionally, how do individual factors, such as rider body composition and acclimatization to a specific environment, influence the effectiveness of different hydration strategies on power output during long Zone 2 rides? What is the optimal timing for fluid intake during these rides, considering the balance between maintaining hydration levels and avoiding gastrointestinal issues? Are there any differences in how different hydration strategies affect power output in rides with varying terrain profiles, such as flat versus hilly courses?