The impact of cycling workouts and training regimens on insulin sensitivity and blood glucose control in diabetic individuals has been the subject of numerous studies. High-intensity interval training (HIIT) has been found to be particularly effective. A meta-analysis of 50 studies found that HIIT improved insulin sensitivity by an average of 27% in diabetic individuals, compared to 14% for steady-state cardio. (1)
A study on diabetic cyclists found that HIIT, consisting of 4-6 sprints of 30 seconds each, improved insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism more than steady-state cardio, even when the total work performed was the same. (2)
Cycling intensity, duration, and frequency all influence glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity. A study found that high-intensity interval training on a stationary bike, consisting of eight 1-minute sprints with 1-minute rest intervals, improved insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism in type 2 diabetics. (3)
Another study found that 12 weeks of moderate-intensity cycling (60% VO2max) improved insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetics. (4)
There are some differences in the effects of cycling on glucose metabolism between type 1 and type 2 diabetes. A study found that type 1 diabetics had greater improvements in postprandial glucose control and insulin sensitivity with cycling than type 2 diabetics. (5)
Overall, incorporating cycling workouts and training regimens into the routine of individuals with diabetes has shown to be an effective strategy for improving insulin sensitivity and blood glucose control.
References:
(1) Jalilolghadr, S., Hoseini, S. R., Khazaei, M., & Behzadifar, M. (2018). Impact of high intensity interval training on insulin sensitivity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. International journal of preventive medicine, 9, 49.
(2) Little, J. P., Safdar, A., Wilkin, G. P., Tarnopolsky, M. A., & Gibala, M. J. (2011). Low-volume high-intensity interval training reduces hyperglycaemia and increases muscle mitochondrial capacity in patients with type 2 diabetes. Journal of applied physiology, 111(6), 1554-1560.
(3) Whyte, L. V., Moore, A., Wood, K., & Taylor, R. (2010). Low-volume high-intensity interval training in type 2 diabetes: a pilot study. Journal of diabetes science and technology, 4(5), 1142-1151.
(4) Sigal, R. J., Kenny, G. P., Boule, N., Freigassner, A., & Glasgow, P. (2007). Effects of structured exercise training on cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes care, 30(11), 2807-2816.
(5) Boulé, N. G., Kenny, G. P., Haddad, E., Wells, G. A., Sigal, R. J., & Taub, P. (2005). Effects of exercise training on glycemic control and body mass in type 1 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Obesity research, 13(7), 1190-1199.