Subject: serum gamma-glutamyltransferase / meat / hemeiron
<<snip>> dietary heme iron, but not saturated fat, was
associated with GGT <<snip>>
Am J Clin Nutr. 2004 Apr;79(4):600-5. Links
Association between serum gamma-glutamyltransferase and
dietary factors: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in
Young Adults (CARDIA) Study.
Lee DH, Steffen LM, Jacobs DR Jr.
Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (D-HL, LMS, and DRJ).
BACKGROUND: Diet may be involved in the strong dose-response
relation of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) concentration
with incident diabetes. OBJECTIVE: We examined dietary
correlates of serum GGT activity. DESIGN: Study subjects
were 3146 black and white men and women aged 17-35 y in 1985-
1986. A diet history was taken at years 0 and 7. Food items
were classified into alcohol; breaded, battered, or canned
vegetables; fruit; fruit juice; refined grain; whole grain;
dairy; legumes; meat; poultry; fish; fresh or frozen
vegetables; nuts; and coffee. RESULTS: After adjustment for
nondietary factors and other food groups, GGT was positively
associated with alcohol consumption and meat intake.
Geometric means of year 10 GGT across categories of alcohol
consumption (0, 1-9, 10-19, 20-29, and >/==" BORDER="0"> 30
g/d) were 17.7,
18.8, 20.4, 21.8, and 24.8 U/L (P for trend < 0.01);
corresponding means across quintiles of meat intake were
19.2, 20.2, 20.5, 21.8, and 21.2 times/wk (P for trend <
0.01). GGT was inversely associated with fruit intake.
Among possible meat constituents, dietary heme iron, but
not saturated fat, was associated with GGT. Dietary
constituents typical of plant foods showed an inverse
association. In contrast, vitamin supplements were
positively associated with GGT. CONCLUSIONS: Serum GGT
activity increased in a dose-response manner as alcohol
and meat consumption increased and fruit consumption
decreased. Heme iron contained in meats and
micronutrients contained in fruits may influence GGT
metabolism. However, micronutrients taken as supplements
had a positive association with GGT.
PMID: 15051603 [PubMed - in process]
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