Great question! The difference between a 23c and 28c tire for commuting can be significant. Wider tires (like the 28c) can offer a more comfortable ride due to their ability to absorb more road vibrations, and they also provide better traction in wet or slippery conditions. However, it's true that they can be heavier and potentially decrease efficiency, which may be a concern for some commuters.
As for the claim that wider tires reduce punctures, there is some science behind it. Wider tires have a larger contact patch with the road, which can help to distribute pressure more evenly and reduce the likelihood of sharp objects piercing the tire. However, running lower pressure with wider tires can increase the risk of pinch flats and sidewall damage, so it's important to find the right balance.
Ultimately, the decision between a 23c and 28c tire will depend on your personal priorities and riding style. If comfort and traction are your top concerns, a wider tire may be the way to go. But if you're focused on speed and efficiency, a narrower tire may be a better choice. It's also worth considering factors like the condition of your local roads and your budget for new tires.