"Beans and soya beat lung cancer", BBC News, October 3, 2005,
Link: http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/health/4285910.stm
Mounting evidence suggests eating a diet rich in plant foods such as
beans and soya cuts the risk of lung cancer.
The latest study involving more than 3,000 US people found those who
ate more of these foods were less likely to develop lung cancer.
The protective effect, thought to be down to oestrogen-like compounds
within the foods, appeared to reduce cancer risk by as much as 46%.
The research appears in the Journal of the American Medical
Association.
Phytoestrogens
The University of Texas Anderson Cancer Center researchers compared the
diets of 1,674 lung cancer patients and 1,735 people of similar ages
and sex who did not have lung cancer.
They used food frequency questionnaires to collect data on intake of 12
individual phytoestrogens - the plant-derived compounds believed to
have oestrogenic properties and which have been shown to protect
against some tumours in past studies.
The questionnaires had been completed before the cancer patients had
been diagnosed with lung tumours.
Overall, the lung cancer patients tended to eat far less
phytoestrogen-containing foods than those without cancer.
Phytoestrogens appeared to cut cancer risk between about 20% and 45% in
men and women.
Scientists believe the oestrogen-like compounds act on receptors in the
body, which regulate cancer growth.
"These data provide further support for the limited but growing
epidemiologic evidence that oestrogen and phytoestrogens are associated
with a decrease in risk of lung cancer," they said.
Multifactorial
The findings back those of others who have noticed Asian populations
who typically consume large quantities of phytoestrogens have lower
rates of lung cancer than other populations.
However, the US team said more research was still needed to explore the
link further.
Dr Kat Arney of Cancer Research UK said: "This research highlights the
importance of a healthy diet in preventing cancer, and demonstrates the
role that a person's lifestyle plays in the disease.
"Although this study is relatively small, it points towards the
potential benefits of plant chemicals in preventing lung cancer.
"However, it is essential not to forget that nine out of 10 cases of
lung cancer and a quarter of all cancer deaths are caused by smoking."
She said quitting smoking could significantly reduce a person's risk of
cancer and other diseases, as could following a low fat diet, rich in
fruit, vegetables and whole grains.